基于经济与生态耦合的畜禽养殖废弃物治理行为及机制研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 21:48

本文选题：经济与生态耦合　切入点：畜禽养殖废弃物　出处：《中国农业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：我国畜禽养殖业快速发展的同时也带来养殖废弃物污染,尽管政府已将污染治理提上日程,但废弃物数量的增加、有害物质的超标残留以及消纳问题仍未得到有效解决,种养脱离、利益主体众多、利益关系复杂、治理链条长等困难束缚着治理进程。因此,基于经济与生态耦合的畜禽养殖废弃物治理行为及机制的研究具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。本研究在对畜禽养殖废弃物的形成及污染机理、治理行为及机制进行理论分析的基础上,厘清了我国畜禽养殖废弃物污染形成及超载负荷现状,实证研究了相关利益主体采纳治理技术模式和选择治理纵向关系的行为特征、影响因素及经济生态效益,分析评价了我国政府参与畜禽废弃物治理的主要政策及其绩效,探讨了我国畜禽养殖废弃物治理模式及其机制,总结了发达国家畜禽养殖废弃物治理政策经验及可借鉴之处。本研究的主要研究结论是:污染表象原因是种养脱离,其治理效果受相关利益主体行为影响显著;养殖场户采纳的废弃物治理技术模式以简易化为主,且影响因素各异;养殖场户废弃物治理纵向关系松散,交易链条不稳定;种植户废弃物治理技术以粪肥为主,纵向关系松散,影响因素各异;减量化生产经营方和资源化中间商治理行为以基础性为主,参与动力不足;政府治理监管范围拓宽且强度加大,但政策手段不完善;种养脱离型治理模式和松散型治理机制在我国仍是主流,种养结合型治理模式和紧密型治理机制则是优化路径;可借鉴治理模式和治理机制的有效实施存在适用条件。据此,本研究提出了如下政策建议:基于种养品种和环境可承载能力优化种养产业布局;划定禁限养区的前提下稳步推进土地流转,保障消纳用地和基础设施供应;全面改进完善治理技术标准,并根据治理环节及治理程度推行不同技术;根据种养结合程度加强治理纵向关系,发挥新型经营主体示范作用;依托约束因素构建治理主体间紧密的制衡关系;建立权威与明确、全面与合理的治理政策体系,提高废弃物经济价值。本研究的特色和创新点在于:从经济管理层面理论探讨了畜禽养殖废弃物形成及污染机理、治理行为及治理机制;全面系统地研究了治理主体的治理行为及政府政策绩效;揭示了畜禽养殖废弃物治理模式和治理机制的类型、约束因素和适用条件。获得的研究成果既能为丰富和完善畜禽养殖废弃物治理的经济理论研究提供重要借鉴,也能为政府优化治理监管政策和种养业相关利益主体改进治理方案提供决策依据。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry in China has also brought about the pollution of aquaculture waste. Although the government has put pollution control on the agenda, the increase in the amount of waste, the excessive residue of harmful substances and the problem of elimination have not been effectively solved. The difficulties such as the separation of planting and raising, the numerous main bodies of interest, the complex relationship of interests, the long chain of governance and so on bind the process of governance. It is of great theoretical value and practical significance to study the treatment behavior and mechanism of livestock and poultry wastes based on the coupling of economy and ecology. Based on the theoretical analysis of governance behavior and mechanism, this paper clarifies the status quo of pollution formation and overload load of livestock and poultry wastes in China, and empirically studies the behavior characteristics of relevant stakeholders adopting the governance technology model and choosing the longitudinal relationship of governance. The influencing factors and economic and ecological benefits are analyzed and evaluated. The main policies and achievements of our government in the management of livestock and poultry wastes are analyzed and evaluated. The management mode and mechanism of livestock and poultry wastes in China are discussed. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: the apparent cause of pollution is the separation of breeding and breeding, and its control effect is significantly affected by the behavior of relevant stakeholders; The waste treatment technology adopted by farm households is mainly simplified, and the factors are different. The vertical relationship of livestock farm waste management is loose, the trade chain is unstable, and the waste management technology of growers is mainly manure. The vertical relationship is loose and the influencing factors are different; the governance behavior of production operators and resource middlemen is based mainly on the basis and the participation power is insufficient; the scope of government governance and supervision is widened and the intensity is increased, but the policy means are not perfect; The management mode and loose governance mechanism are still the mainstream in our country, while the combination management mode and the tight governance mechanism are the optimized path, which can be used for reference to the effective implementation of the governance model and governance mechanism, and therefore, there are applicable conditions for the effective implementation of the management model and mechanism. This study puts forward the following policy suggestions: optimizing the layout of breeding and raising industry based on the cultivar and environmental load-carrying capacity; steadily advancing land circulation and ensuring the supply of land and infrastructure under the premise of delimiting restricted areas; Improve and perfect the technical standard of governance comprehensively, and carry out different technologies according to the link of governance and the degree of governance, strengthen the vertical relationship of governance according to the degree of combination of planting and raising, and give play to the demonstration role of the new type of management main body; Based on the constraint factors, to build a close balance relationship between the governing bodies, to establish an authoritative and clear, comprehensive and reasonable governance policy system, To improve the economic value of waste. The characteristics and innovations of this study are as follows: from the level of economic management, the formation and pollution mechanism, treatment behavior and control mechanism of livestock and poultry waste are discussed; The governance behavior and government policy performance of the main body of governance are studied in a comprehensive and systematic way, and the types of treatment mode and mechanism of livestock and poultry waste are revealed. The research results obtained can provide important reference for enriching and improving the economic theory of livestock and poultry waste management. It can also provide the decision basis for the government to optimize the governance supervision policy and to improve the governance scheme for the related stakeholders in the breeding and raising industry.
【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X713

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