新加坡选举中一党独大现象研究

发布时间：2018-04-24 16:32

本文选题：新加坡 + 选举　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新加坡人民行动党自1959年第一次议会选举获胜后一直保持着一党独大的地位,新加坡也一直被认为是“形式上”的民主国家。人民行动党之所以能长期掌控国会,除了人民行动党自身具备较高的执政能力,获得选民的认可,还因为人民行动党实行一系列不公平的制度来约束反对党。人民行动党虽然表面上允许反对党自由参与国会选举,但在选举制度设计上却限制反对党的发展,特别是集选区制度的推行极大地限制了反对党与人民行动党进行公平竞争,对反对党是一种“合法性”歧视。主要表现在:首先,执政的人民行动党牢牢控制选举委员会、高等法院、传媒与国家财政拨款机构,通过这些机构来影响选民投票的方向;其次,集选区制度的推行加重了反对党的竞选压力,是限制反对党挑战行动党的一项最不公平的制度,使反对党始终无法整合足够的力量来去抗衡强大的人民行动党;最后,执政党人民行动党通过控制选举委员会将选区按照有利于执政党的原则来重新划分或合并,以此来分散反对党的选票资源。这就使新加坡的反对党在大选中一直处于被动的地步。同时,人民行动党通过提高统治绩效、设置非选区议员和官委议员来疏导民众对行动党长期执政的不满,以应对年轻一代日益高涨的民主诉求,也是进一步分化反对势力的重要手段。新加坡独具特色的选举制度让新加坡人民行动党长期垄断新加坡政权,反对党长期存在却一直是人民行动党的陪练,无缘执政。在新加坡开国元首李光耀去世后的2015年大选中,人民行动党再一次毫无悬念地赢得了大选。但从2011年大选中,反对党工人党在集选区的重大突破可以看出集选区制度只能暂时限制反对党的竞选,这种情况并不会长久持续下去。虽然反对党目前尚不能挑战人民行动党的执政地位,但反对党在历届大选中也都表现不俗,在新加坡政坛上政发挥着越来越重要的作用。人民行动党再也不能忽视反对党的声音,因为在反对党背后是渴望民主政治的汹汹民意。随着反对党加紧团结,民众民主诉求的提升,新加坡长期一党独大的局面终将会被打破。
[Abstract]:Singapore's people's Action Party (PAP) has maintained a one-party dominance since winning its first parliamentary election in 1959, and Singapore has long been considered a "formal" democracy. The people's Action Party (PAP) has been in charge of parliament for a long time, not only because the PAP has higher governing ability and gained the approval of the voters, but also because the PAP implements a series of unfair systems to restrain the opposition. Although the people's Action Party ostensibly allowed the opposition parties to participate freely in the parliamentary elections, the electoral system was designed to limit the development of the opposition parties, in particular, the introduction of the constituency system greatly limited the fair competition between the opposition parties and the people's Action Party. Discrimination against the opposition is "legitimate". The main manifestations are: first, the ruling people's Action Party (PAP) firmly controls the Election Commission, the High Court, the media and the State Financial Appropriations Agency, through which they influence the direction of the voters' vote; and second, The introduction of the GGC system has increased the pressure on the opposition to campaign and is one of the most unfair systems to limit the opposition's challenge to the Action Party, which has consistently prevented the opposition from integrating enough forces to counter the powerful people's Action Party; and finally, By controlling the election commission, the ruling people's Action Party redivides or merges its constituencies according to the ruling party's principles in favor of the ruling party, thereby diverting the opposition's vote resources. This has kept Singapore's opposition in a passive position in the general election. At the same time, the people's Action Party (PAP) has responded to the rising democratic demands of the younger generation by improving its ruling performance and setting up non-district MPs and officials to defuse the people's dissatisfaction with the party's long-term governance. It is also an important means to further divide the opposition forces. Singapore's unique electoral system has allowed the Singapore people's Action Party to monopolize the Singapore regime for a long time, but the opposition party has long been the sparring of the people's Action Party and has not been in power. In 2015, after the death of Li Guangyao, Singapore's founding head, the people's Action Party once again won the election without suspense. But a major breakthrough by the opposition Workers' Party in the 2011 election suggests that the system can only temporarily limit the opposition's campaign, which will not last for long. Although the opposition party is not yet able to challenge the ruling position of the people's Action Party, the opposition party has also played an increasingly important role in Singapore's politics. The people's Action Party can no longer ignore the opposition's voice, which is backed by a strong desire for democracy. As opposition parties become more United and democratic demands rise, Singapore's long-term one-party dominance will eventually be broken.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D733.9

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