中国农村反贫困绩效的推动因素测度及分解:1978-2014

发布时间：2018-04-25 05:20

本文选题：反贫困 + 推动因素　；参考：《财贸经济》2017年09期

【摘要】：本文利用《中国住户调查年鉴》和中国居民收入调查数据库(CHIPS)数据分阶段对农村反贫困绩效的推动因素进行测度和分解,并进行检验。实证结果显示,1978-1985年,农村贫困率下降主要得益于土地政策的内生性改革;1986-1993年,农村贫困率仍在迅速下降,经济增长因素起了主导作用,但边际收益在下降。尽管在1994-2000年,农村地区实施了开发式扶贫与社会救助"双轮驱动"的反贫困模式,但贫困率下降幅度不大,从贡献率来看,主要是经济增长的正向效应被分配因素的不合理带来的负向效应部分抵消。2001-2014年,农村贫困率有小幅上升,这一方面是由于经济增长因素对贫困的降低程度在逐渐减弱,另一方面是由于扶贫瞄准机制所发挥的收入分配效应不高,导致经济增长和收入分配要素的复合贡献率在下降。纵观农村三十多年的反贫困战略和路径,本文发现,经济增长因素是主导,随着贫困率和贫困缺口率的反弹,收入分配和再分配因素缓解贫困的贡献率将会上升。政府应从加大农村公共产品和公共服务投入力度的尺度上来优化农村反贫困的策略和路径。
[Abstract]:This paper uses the data of China Household Survey Yearbook and China resident income Survey Database (CHIPS) to measure and decompose the driving factors of rural anti-poverty performance in stages and test them. The empirical results show that from 1978 to 1985, the decline of rural poverty rate was mainly due to the endogenous reform of land policy. The rural poverty rate was still declining rapidly, the economic growth factors played a leading role, but the marginal income was declining. Although the "dual wheel drive" anti-poverty model of development-oriented poverty alleviation and social assistance was implemented in rural areas from 1994 to 2000, the poverty rate declined only marginally, and in terms of the contribution rate, It is mainly the positive effect of economic growth that is partly offset by the negative effect caused by the unreasonable distribution of factors. In 2001-2014, the rural poverty rate increased slightly, partly because of the decreasing degree of poverty caused by economic growth factors. On the other hand, the contribution rate of economic growth and income distribution factors is decreasing due to the low income distribution effect of poverty alleviation targeting mechanism. Looking at the anti-poverty strategies and paths in rural areas for more than 30 years, this paper finds that economic growth is the dominant factor. With the rebound of poverty rate and poverty gap rate, the contribution rate of income distribution and redistribution to alleviate poverty will increase. The government should optimize the strategy and path of rural anti-poverty from the scale of increasing the input of rural public goods and public services.
【作者单位】：南京大学社会保障研究中心;武汉大学社会保障研究中心;
【基金】：教育部重点研究基地重大项目“社会保障权益与收入分配公平问题研究”(16JJD840008) 资助单位:武汉大学社会保障研究中心
【分类号】：F323.8

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