应急情境下管制员安全行为能力的实验研究

发布时间：2018-11-06 14:31

【摘要】：目前我国民航业正在迅猛发展,航班量逐年增加,但空域却没有增加,这给空中交通管制员带来了不断增大的生理和心理压力,对其安全行为能力产生了很大影响,而其能力则是中国民航安全与效率的重要保证。在过去有关管制员安全能力的研究中,大部分从体制、管理、排班等宏观角度出发进行定性分析,量化的研究中主要集中在长时间工作后可能产生的疲劳方面,鲜见针对管制员个体在应对突发紧急状况的定量研究。论文采用广泛应用的生理心理学研究方法,结合管制员的安全绩效指标,提出管制员技能水平与安全绩效指标以及生理指标呈相关关系的实验假设,并围绕实验假设构建由生理数据采集模块、场景记录模块、数据记录与分析模块组成的管制员应急情境安全行为能力测试系统,依托实验系统开展模拟实验并记录相关数据。对安全能力指标数据进行分析讨论,分析新老手组间安全绩效指标与生理指标差异显著性及其原因。其中生理指标在各被试之间的基线水平差异较大,求其采用变化率之后再进行比较。结果发现在各流量阶段间具有显著变化的生理指标包括:心率、SDNN、PNN50、LF/HF比值、张力EDA、相位EDA,其中除LF/HF比值之外的生理指标还在新老手组间具有显著差异。结合后期访谈发现,新老手组间的差异可能是由其采用的管制策略不同导致的,实验早期阶段,老手管制员对于应急情境的出现已有预期,较早开始思考整体练习的管制策略,并给管制区域内的航班排好序列;进入实验中后期,老手管制员的主要工作是依据早起制定的管制策略进行相关的监视与协调任务,而此时的新手管制员则才刚开始进行整体策略的安排,表现的更为慌乱。最后综合各指标构建安全行为能力分数f,并验证。通过本文研究,能够综合主客观各种参数来评测管制员在应急情境下的安全行为能力大小,从而为空管单位安排重大事件应对方案、新人培训、选拔等事项提供参考,最终更为有效地保障民航安全稳定运行。
[Abstract]:At present, the civil aviation industry in our country is developing rapidly, and the number of flights is increasing year by year, but the airspace has not increased, which brings increasing physiological and psychological pressure to air traffic controllers, and has a great impact on their safety behavior ability. And its ability is the important guarantee that CAAC safety and efficiency. In the past researches on the safety capability of controllers, most of them were qualitatively analyzed from the macroscopic angles of system, management, scheduling, etc. The quantitative research mainly focused on the fatigue that might occur after long hours of work. Few quantitative studies have been conducted on individual controllers responding to sudden emergencies. Based on the widely used physiological psychology research method and the controller's safety performance index, this paper puts forward the experimental hypothesis that the controller's skill level is related to the safety performance index and physiological index. Based on the experimental hypothesis, a testing system for the safety behavior of controller emergency situation is constructed, which is composed of physiological data acquisition module, scene recording module, data recording and analysis module, and carries out simulation experiments and records related data based on the experimental system. The data of safety capability index were analyzed and discussed, and the significance and reason of safety performance index and physiological index between new and old hand groups were analyzed. The physiological indexes were different from each other in the baseline level, and then compared with each other after adopting the rate of change. The results showed that there were significant differences in physiological indexes including heart rate, SDNN,PNN50,LF/HF ratio, tension EDA, phase EDA, among different flow stages. Besides LF/HF ratio, there were significant differences in physiological indexes between old and new hands. Combined with the later interviews, it was found that the difference between the new and old hand groups may be caused by the different control strategies adopted by them. In the early stage of the experiment, the veteran controller had expected the emergence of emergency situations, and began to think about the control strategy of the whole exercise earlier. And sequence the flights in the control area; In the middle and late stage of the experiment, the main task of the veteran controller is to carry out the related monitoring and coordination tasks according to the early morning control strategy, while the novice controller has just begun to arrange the overall strategy, and the performance is more flustered. Finally, the score of safe behavior ability is constructed by synthesizing each index, and verified. Through the research in this paper, we can evaluate the safety behavior ability of controllers in emergency situations by synthesizing subjective and objective parameters, thus providing references for air traffic control units to arrange major incident response plans, new personnel training, selection and so on. Finally, it can ensure the safe and stable operation of civil aviation more effectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B848

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