海归社会资本对新创企业绩效的影响路径研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 00:46

【摘要】：留学回国的成功创业者对创新创业具有引领带动作用。随着中国创业环境的改善和支持海外高层次人才来华创新创业政策的出台,中国出现了海归创业大潮。但是由于长期身居海外,国内的社会资本积累少,加上新创企业的“新进入缺陷”,缺乏资源持有者的支持,制约了新创企业的发展。同时创业是一个复杂的现象,社会资本、企业家精神、创业机会等是影响新创企业绩效的重要因素,但是如何产生影响、其作用机制如何仍然没有得到完全阐释。因此本研究以社会资本为切入点,试图揭示海归创业者社会资本影响新创企业绩效的“过程黑箱”,丰富创业理论,为创业实践提供对策建议。本文首先对国内外海归创业、新创企业绩效、企业家社会资本、企业家精神与创业机会等相关理论和文献进行了综述,深入分析了海归创业者社会资本、企业家精神、创业机会等创业要素之间的相互联系,构建了海归创业三要素与新创企业绩效的关系模型,并且提出相应研究假设;其次,运用问卷调查法收集到120家海归新创企业数据,综合使用统计软件对数据进行分析,包括相关性分析、信效度检验、共同方差检验和结构方程模型分析等,了解海归人员创业的基本概况,验证了理论模型和研究假设;最后,针对上述研究结果进行讨论,并且从海归创业者和公共政策制定等角度,提出提高海归创业成功率和创业品质的对策建议,包括增加海归创业者社会资本的质和量、培育海归创业者的企业家精神、识别开发有价值的海归创业机会等,进一步指出文章后续研究展望。本文主要得出以下研究结论:(1)海归社会资本对新创企业绩效不存在直接影响作用,但企业家精神和创业机会等其他创业要素均对新创企业绩效产生正向影响;(2)海归创业者企业家精神在社会资本和创业机会中起完全中介作用;(3)海归人员创业机会在企业家精神与新创企业绩效之间起完全中介作用;(4)海归创业者社会资本与新创企业绩效之间存在着“社会资本→企业家精神→创业机会→新创企业绩效”的中介传导机制。研究表明海归创业者融合社会资本可以激发企业家精神从而寻找获得有效创业机会、实现新创企业绩效的提升,研究结论拓展了创理理论,对新常态下中国海归新创企业绩效提升有重要的启示。
[Abstract]:Successful entrepreneurs who return home from abroad have a leading role in innovation and entrepreneurship. With the improvement of China's entrepreneurial environment and the introduction of the policy of supporting high-level talents from overseas to innovate and start their own businesses in China, there has been a tide of returning overseas entrepreneurs. However, the lack of support from resource holders has restricted the development of new enterprises because of their long-term overseas residence, the small accumulation of social capital in China and the "new entry defects" of new enterprises. At the same time, entrepreneurship is a complex phenomenon, social capital, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial opportunities and other important factors affecting the performance of new enterprises, but how to produce the impact, how its mechanism has not been fully explained. Therefore, this research takes social capital as the breakthrough point, tries to reveal the "process black box" that the social capital of returned entrepreneurs affects the performance of the newly established enterprises, enriches the entrepreneurial theory, and provides the countermeasures and suggestions for the entrepreneurial practice. Firstly, this paper summarizes the related theories and literature, such as domestic and foreign enterprises, new venture performance, social capital of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunities, and analyzes the social capital and entrepreneurial spirit of entrepreneurs in China and abroad. The relationship between entrepreneurial factors such as entrepreneurial opportunities and the relationship between the three elements of entrepreneurship and the performance of new enterprises is established and the corresponding research hypotheses are put forward. Secondly, the data of 120 newly established enterprises were collected by questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by statistical software, including correlation analysis, reliability and validity test, covariance test and structural equation model analysis. Understand the basic situation of overseas returnees entrepreneurship, verify the theoretical model and research assumptions; Finally, this paper discusses the above research results, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the success rate and entrepreneurial quality of overseas returnees, including the quality and quantity of social capital, from the perspective of overseas entrepreneurs and public policy formulation. To cultivate the entrepreneurial spirit of returned entrepreneurs, to identify and develop valuable entrepreneurial opportunities for overseas returnees, and to further point out the future research prospects of the article. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) there is no direct effect of social capital on the performance of new enterprises, but other entrepreneurial factors, such as entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunities, have a positive impact on the performance of new enterprises; (2) Entrepreneurship of returned entrepreneurs plays a complete intermediary role in social capital and entrepreneurial opportunities, (3) entrepreneurial opportunities of returnees play a complete intermediary role between entrepreneurial spirit and the performance of new enterprises; (4) there is an intermediary transmission mechanism between the social capital of returned entrepreneurs and the performance of new enterprises. The research shows that the integration of social capital of returned entrepreneurs can stimulate the entrepreneurial spirit in order to find effective entrepreneurial opportunities to achieve the performance improvement of new enterprises. The conclusions of the study expand the theory of innovation. Under the new normal, there is an important enlightenment to the performance improvement of the new Chinese returned enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.2

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