灾后小微企业社会网络对创业绩效影响研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 16:29

本文选题：社会网络 + 灾后小微企业　；参考：《西南财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“5·12汶川大地震”对严重损坏了灾区经济发展,很多企业被迫停产,农村土地等资源破坏受损,大量从业人员失业等。灾后重建中,灾区利用当地的民族文化、当地特色等有利资源,将民族特色推向了市场,推动了旅游服务业的发展。众多与旅游业相关的餐饮住宿业、民族工艺品等行业逐渐发展壮大。这不仅有利于当地人自主就业、解决当地就业问题,也推动了灾区经济的发展。藉由灾区旅游业的发展和政府出台的关于灾后创业的政策优势,与旅游业相关的小微企业迅速发展起来。由于小微企业创业进入门槛低、规模小、竞争力相对较弱,灾后小微企业创业者更多地是靠自己的社会网络发展企业。研究社会网络对灾后小微型企业创业绩效的影响,有助于灾后创业者能更好地利用自身的社会网络自主创业,提高创业绩效,从而实现自身的再就业,以及当地失业城乡劳动者的再就业。本研究采用问卷调查法收集样本数据,并结合案例研究法分析社会网络对灾后小微企业创业绩效的影响机制。问卷调查的样本选取的标准为：①于2008年5月12日后成立的企业；②满足本研究界定的小微企业；③调查对象必须位于“5·12汶川大地震”受灾区。样本的完成方式是：在汶川、广元、映秀、都江堰四个受灾地区实地调研,总共获得有效问卷104份。本研究正是从创业者社会网络出发,以创业过程中的机会识别和资源获取为中间变量,研究社会网络对灾后小微企业创业绩效的影响机制。围绕这一研究问题,本文通过文献分析法、案例研究法和统计分析法对研究问题进行深入探讨。本研究分析了创业者社会网络特征、创业者社会网络对灾后小微企业创业过程、创业者社会网络对灾后小微企业创业绩效、灾后小微企业创业过程对创业绩效之间的影响机制。本研究的主要结论包括以下方面：第一,探讨灾后小微企业创业者社会网络的特征。灾后小微企业所属行业主要集中在餐饮业、住宿业、零售业三个行业,小微企业的员工人数主要在6人以下。小微企业的营业收入大多数在50万以内,其中,主要以家庭式作坊和个体工商户为主。小微企业利用自身社会网络解决问题的规模主要在“10人以下”,其中,“3人及以下”占48.4%。小微企业社会网络主要表现在与亲戚朋友的关系网络,样本数据显示,在创业过程中,小微企业未曾利用过与非营利组织和客户的关系网络进行创业。但是小微企业创业案例显示,小微企业社会网络关系对象不仅包含亲戚、朋友、政府、同行,还包括非营利组织和客户,这说明灾后小微企业创业者利用了社会网络的多样性。第二,探讨社会网络对创业绩效的影响模型。由于政府对灾区的生活、经济、文化等做了一系列规划,为灾区大量发展与旅游业相关的产业提供了条件,比如,农家乐、餐饮业、住宿业等。同时,政府鼓励有创业意愿的人进行创业,并对灾区的提供了有利于当地经济发展的产业,比如种植特产、养殖业等。灾后创业者社会网络中,亲戚朋友、非营利组织、同行等会给小微企业提供创业机会、资金支持等,从而影响小微企业创业绩效。社会网络对小微企业创业绩效的影响是显著的。就灾后小微企业而言,创业者社会网络的结构特性主要是指网络中心度和网络规模,关系特性是指交往频率、亲密程度和互惠交换。创业绩效的度量包括企业收入和盈利水平、市场份额、技术创新和企业知名度。在创业者社会网络影响创业绩效的过程中,结构特性和关系特性发挥着关键作用。创业者社会网络的关系特性影响灾后小微企业创业过程中的机会识别和资源获取阶段。本文的主要研究创新表现在以下四个方面：第一,笔者对小微企业创业者社会网络特征、价值进行探讨,能够深入阐述灾后小微企业社会网络的价值。第二,研究社会网络对灾后小微企业创业者创业绩效影响机制,有助于进一步理解社会网络对创业过程、创业绩效的重要作用,这能让读者理解灾后创业者如何建立有利于自身创业的社会网络,提高创业绩效。第三,建立社会网络就是让灾后小微企业拥有适当数量的社会关系,并且能够保持适当的交往频度,并能用于提供诸多的社会功能。第四,本研究结合灾后小微企业创业者社会网络的特征,将社会学中的社会网络理论应用于小微企业企业社会网络维度研究中,并对灾后小微企业创业者社会网络特征、创业者社会网络对创业过程以及创业绩效的影响机制进行实证分析。
[Abstract]:"5. 12 Wenchuan earthquake" seriously damaged the economic development of the disaster area, many enterprises were forced to stop production, rural land and other resources were destroyed and damaged, and a large number of employees were unemployed. In the post disaster reconstruction, the disaster areas used the local national culture, local characteristics and other favorable resources to push the national characteristics to the market and promote the development of tourism service industry. The catering and accommodation industry related to tourism, ethnic crafts and other industries have gradually developed. This is not only conducive to local people's independent employment, to solve local employment problems, but also to promote the development of the disaster area economy. By the development of tourism industry in the disaster area and the government's policy advantage on post disaster entrepreneurship, the small micro enterprises related to tourism industry are fast. Since small and micro enterprises have low threshold, small scale and relatively weak competitiveness, small and micro enterprise entrepreneurs are more based on their own social networks. The study of the impact of social networks on the entrepreneurial performance of small and micro enterprises after disaster helps the entrepreneurs to make better use of their own social network autonomy. Entrepreneurship, improve entrepreneurial performance, so as to achieve their own re employment, as well as local unemployed urban and rural workers re employment.
This study adopts the questionnaire survey method to collect sample data, and combines the case study method to analyze the impact mechanism of social network on the entrepreneurial performance of small and micro enterprises after the disaster. The sample selection criteria are: (1) the enterprise established after May 12, 2008; secondly to meet the small micro enterprises defined by this research; 3. The survey object must be located in "5" 12 Wenchuan earthquake "affected areas. The completion of the sample is: in Wenchuan, Guangyuan, Yingxiu, Dujiangyan, four affected areas of the field investigation, a total of 104 effective questionnaires. This study is starting from the entrepreneurs' social network, the opportunity identification and resource acquisition in the entrepreneurial process as an intermediate variable, research social network to the post disaster small micro The impact mechanism of enterprise entrepreneurial performance is discussed in this paper. The research issues are discussed in this paper through literature analysis, case study and statistical analysis. This study analyzes the social network characteristics of entrepreneurs, the entrepreneurial social network for small and micro enterprises after the disaster, the social network of entrepreneurs to the small and micro enterprises after the disaster. The main conclusions of this study include the following:
First, the characteristics of the social network for the entrepreneurs of small and micro enterprises after disaster are discussed. The industry of small and micro enterprises is mainly concentrated in the catering industry, the accommodation industry, and the retail industry in three industries. The number of employees in small and micro enterprises is mainly below 6. The business income of small and micro enterprises is mostly within 500 thousand, of which, the family workshop and individual business households are the main ones. Main. Small and micro enterprises use their own social network to solve the problem mainly in the scale of "less than 10", of which "3 people and below" accounts for the social network of 48.4%. small and micro enterprises mainly in the relationship network with relatives and friends. Sample data show that in the process of entrepreneurship, small and micro enterprises have not used the relationship network with non-profit organizations and customers. The small and micro enterprise business case shows that the social network relationships of small and micro enterprises include not only relatives, friends, government, peers, but also non-profit organizations and customers, which means that small and micro entrepreneurs use the diversity of social networks after disaster.
Second, discuss the impact model of social network on entrepreneurial performance. Because the government has made a series of plans for the life, economy, culture and so on in the disaster area, it provides a lot of conditions for the development of tourism related industries, such as farming, catering, accommodation, etc. at the same time, the government encourages the people who have the willing to start a business, and to the disaster area. In the social network of post disaster entrepreneurs, relatives, friends, non-profit organizations, and peers will provide entrepreneurial opportunities and fund support to small and micro enterprises, which will affect the performance of small and micro enterprises. The social network has a significant impact on the performance of small and micro enterprises. As far as small and micro enterprises are concerned, the structural characteristics of entrepreneurs' social networks mainly refer to the degree of network centrality and the scale of the network. The relationship characteristic refers to the frequency of communication, the degree of intimacy and the reciprocal exchange. The measurement of entrepreneurial performance includes the income and profit level of the enterprise, the market share, the innovation of the technology and the reputation of the enterprise. In the process of industry performance, structural characteristics and relationship characteristics play a key role. The relationship characteristics of entrepreneurs' social networks affect the opportunity identification and resource acquisition stage in the process of post disaster small and micro enterprises' entrepreneurship.
The main research innovation in this paper is shown in the following four aspects: first, the author discusses the social network characteristics of small and micro enterprise entrepreneurs and the value of the social network after disaster. Second, the study of the impact mechanism of social network on the entrepreneurial performance of small and micro enterprises after the disaster is helpful to further understand the society. The network will play an important role in the process of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial performance, which enables readers to understand how entrepreneurs build social networks that are conducive to their own business and improve their performance. Third, the establishment of a social network is to make small and micro enterprises have the appropriate number of social relations, and to maintain appropriate frequency of communication, and can be used to promote the development of the social network. For many social functions. Fourth, this study combines the characteristics of the social network of small and micro enterprise entrepreneurs after disaster, and applies social network theory in sociology to the study of the social network dimension of small and micro enterprises, and the social network characteristics of the entrepreneurs of small and micro enterprises after the disaster, the shadow of the entrepreneurial social network on the entrepreneurial process and the performance of the entrepreneurial performance. An empirical analysis of the sound mechanism is carried out.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F272.5;F276.3

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