我国私人银行业务开展的法律障碍及制度完善

发布时间：2019-06-19 05:24

【摘要】：2007年是“中国私人银行元年”,私人银行业务这一在国外已运作了数百年的舶来品,近几年在中国也已获得了长足的发展,但也面临着质疑与考验。简言之,私人银行业务就是为高资产净值人士个人或其家庭开办的高端财富管理业务,以工商银行为例,其业务范围主要包括资产管理服务、财务管理服务、顾问咨询服务以及教育医疗等增值服务,具有私密性、专属性、专业性等特点,另外,私人银行机构都非常重视与客户关系的建立与维护。由于开展私人银行业务需要非常强的经营实力和人才储备,除了外资银行外,目前我国开展私人银行业务的主要是一些大型商业银行,据银行联合信息网2012年发布的报告显示,已经有18家中资银行成立了私人银行部门,中资银行在国内成立的私人银行服务中心或分部共计217家。由于私人银行业务本身承载着金融创新的试验性通道功能,为了更好地推进我国金融体制改革,鼓励和支持私人银行业务的发展,私人银行业务监管部门目前主要采取“规范与鼓励并重,培育与完善并举”的基本政策,目前对于私人银行业务,并没有非常明确的相关法律制度和监管规章,主要参照针对大众理财的相关监管指引,而且我国金融体制中的诸多弊端也不利于私人银行业的前行。正是由于强烈的私人银行业务发展需要与现行法律及相关制度的矛盾,促使笔者从法律角度来思考这方面的问题,这也是本论文的研究意义所在。本篇论文主体结构共划分为四章,主要包括以下内容：第一章先从私人银行业务的概述入手,介绍了私人银行业务的含义、特点、发展历史及在我国的现状、所提供的产品和服务；接着着重阐述了我国私人银行机构与客户之间关系的界定；最后对我国私人银行业务开展所面临的风险及相应的风险管理体系作了介绍。第二章分析了我国私人银行发展面临的一些法律障碍及对其发展不利的制度因素,详细阐述了我国当前针对私人银行业务相关法律规制与违约纠纷解决机制的缺失以及分业经营体制、反洗钱制度、信息保密制度、个人信用制度、信息披露制度等法律及制度问题的现状及对我国私人银行业务开展的负面影响,是本篇论文的核心部分之一。第三章主要介绍了瑞士、美国以及新加坡有关私人银行业务法律规制方面的经验,主要介绍了瑞士关于私人银行业务保密和反洗钱方面的法律制度及对我国的启示；美国的经验方面则介绍了美国现行的金融监管体制、关于私人银行业务的法律规范、信息披露制度以及个人信用制度；对新加坡的金融监管体制及信息披露制度也作了相关介绍。第四章也是本篇论文的核心部分之一,主要针对第二章所提出的相关问题,通过对我国当前私人银行业务的运作分析,提出相应的法律及制度完善建议。针对我国现行分业经营、分业监管的金融体制,通过与世界主要金融强国及世界金融监管潮流的比较分析,提出我国的金融监管体制改革的建议措施：针对当前私人银行业务法律规制的缺失,提出建立私人银行业务市场准入制度及相关业务指引等监管制度的建议；针对反洗钱制度、客户信息保密制度、个人信用制度及信息披露制度等阻碍私人银行业务开展的不利制度因素,通过对私人银行业务的运作分析提出了相关的完善建议与措施；最后,从保障私人银行客户的合法权益,促进我国私人银行业务的规范合规运营的角度出发,提出了在对私人银行业务的监管中引入外部审计制度以及建立私人银行业务法律纠纷解决机制两项建议。本篇论文是笔者在浏览阅读大量有关私人银行业务的相关资料,在深入了解研究我国当前的金融法律法规及相关制度,并结合最新的经济金融前沿动态及法律法规的变动的基础上完成的。不过正所谓“学诗功夫贵在诗外”,作为一个外行人,对于这—一般金融从业人员难以接触甚至不甚了解的业务,以及由于当前对私人银行业务所涉及法律及制度问题当前研究甚少等因素,笔者真可谓是心有余而力不足,比如,针对信托、外汇、税收等问题本篇论文就未涉及,这也是本文的一大不足之处。但是,笔者本人还是竭尽全力,通过自己的深入研究学习,对私人银行业务开展所遇到的法律障碍及相关制度问题作了一些分析,并借鉴国外对私人银行业务规制的相关经验,对如何解决这些障碍问题提出了相应的制度完善建议,希望有益于我国私人银行业务的法治化进程,从而促进这一业务的合规运营及长远发展。
[Abstract]:In 2007, the "China Private Bank" and private banking business has been working abroad for hundreds of years, and in recent years has made great development in China, but also faces the challenge and test. In short, private banking is a high-end wealth management business for individuals of high-asset-value people or their families, taking ICBC as an example. Its business scope mainly includes asset management services, financial management services, advisory services for consultants and value-added services such as education and medical care. In addition, private banking institutions attach great importance to the establishment and maintenance of the customer relationship. Since the private banking business needs to be very strong in the management strength and the talent reserve, in addition to the foreign banks, at present, the private banking in our country is mainly a large commercial bank, according to the report issued by the joint information network of the bank in 2012, A private banking sector has been set up in 18 Chinese banks, with a total of 217 private banking services or divisions set up in China. Since the private banking itself carries the pilot channel function of financial innovation, in order to promote the reform of the financial system of our country, and to encourage and support the development of private banking, the private banking supervision department is mainly adopting the basic policy of the "Standardize and encourage and give equal attention to, cultivate and perfect simultaneously". At present, for the private banking, there is no clear relevant legal system and regulation, mainly referring to the relevant regulatory guidance for the public finance, and the many malpractices in the financial system of our country are not conducive to the advance of the private banking industry. It is because of the contradiction between the strong private banking development and the existing law and the related system, and the author to think about the problem from the legal point of view, which is also the research significance of this thesis. The main structure of this thesis is divided into four chapters, mainly including the following The first chapter starts with the summary of the private banking, introduces the meaning, characteristics, development history of the private banking and the present situation in our country, and the products provided. Then the definition of the relationship between the private banking institution and the customer is emphasized, and the risk and the corresponding risk management system of the private banking in our country are given. The second chapter analyses some legal obstacles to the development of private banking in our country and the institutional factors that are disadvantageous to the development of the private banking, and expounds in detail the existing problems of the legal regulation and the dispute settlement mechanism of the private banking and the system of separation and operation. The present situation of the anti-money laundering system, the information security system, the personal credit system and the information disclosure system and the negative effect on the private banking of our country are the core of this paper. The third chapter mainly introduces the experience of the legal regulation of private banking in Switzerland, the United States and Singapore, and mainly introduces the legal system of the private banking secrecy and anti-money laundering in Switzerland. The American experience has introduced the current financial supervision system of the United States, the legal norm of private banking, the information disclosure system and the individual credit system, and the financial supervision system and the information disclosure system in Singapore. The fourth chapter is also one of the core parts of this thesis, mainly for the related issues raised in the second chapter, and by analyzing the operation of the present private banking business in our country, this paper puts forward the corresponding problems. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the main financial power of the world and the world financial regulation, the paper puts forward the suggestions for the reform of the financial supervision system of our country through the comparative analysis with the world's major financial power and the world financial supervision trend. The lack of the legal regulation of the business and the suggestion of the establishment of the system of private banking market access and the relevant business guidelines are put forward. In the light of the anti-money laundering system, the customer information security system, the personal credit system and the information disclosure system, the private banking business is hindered The negative system factors, through the analysis of the operation of the private banking, put forward the relevant improvement suggestions and measures; and finally, from the guarantee of the legitimate rights and interests of the clients of the private bank, and to promote the regulation of the private banking of our country From the point of view of compliance operation, the author puts forward the introduction of external audit system in the regulation of private banking and the establishment of the law of private banking. In this paper, the author makes a thorough understanding of the current financial laws and regulations and related systems in our country, and combines the latest economic and financial frontier dynamic and legal method. On the basis of the change of the rules, the so-called "Shi Fu-fu is in the outer part of the poem", as an external pedestrian, is difficult to contact and even know the business of the general financial staff, and the author of the current research on the law and the system of the private banking business is very little, the author It's a good thing to do, for example, for trust, foreign exchange, tax, etc., this paper is not involved. However, the author also makes every effort to make some analysis on the legal obstacles and the related system problems in the private banking through the study of our own research, and draw on the foreign interest to the private bank. The relevant experience of banking regulation has put forward corresponding system and suggestions on how to solve these obstacles, and it is hoped to be beneficial to the legal process of private banking in our country, so as to promote this industry.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.281

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