国家科技进步奖获奖项目中的科研合作分析

发布时间：2018-04-11 09:59

本文选题：学术共同体 + 知识图谱　；参考：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着时代的进步,科学技术在经济、社会发展中的作用日益突出。同时现代科学也呈现出高度分化和高度综合的特点,为了适应现代科学的发展,科研主体也从单一化向合作化转变,学术共同体应运而生。本文以国家科技进步奖作为数据源,利用知识图谱对学术共同体的科研合作状况进行研究,并提出学术共同体科研合作的问题与改进措施。本篇论文的主要内容包括以下几个部分：第一部分,基础理论介绍。在这一部分中,笔者通过对已有研究成果的学习,对学术共同体、科研合作、社会网络分析以及国家科技奖励的相关理论知识进行归纳和梳理。学术共同体是知识发现的主体,人才培养的基地,同时也是学术成果评价者和学术行为的监督者。科研合作是科学发展的产物,在提高知识产出和科研质量上都发挥着重要的推动作用。社会网络分析由于其具有很强的实用性,自20世纪30年代以后,也逐渐在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。国家科技奖励作为国家宏观调控的手段,在科技发展与创新上发挥着重要的引导作用。第二部分,研究工具与数据处理介绍。本文用到的主要的统计分析工具是Excel和CitespaceⅡ。Excel作为常用的办公软件已经被大家所熟知。CitesSpace软件是由陈超美博士基于Java平台开发的信息可视化软件,这款软件可以对关键词、作者、题名等多个字段进行分析,并得到可视化图谱,来对某一学科领域某一时间段内的研究状况进行分析。自2004年CitesSpace软件诞生后,由于其简单易用,并且能够得到准确的统计结果和美观的图谱,很快在国内外得到广泛的应用。第三部分,获奖项目科研合作主题分析。这一部分主要是对国家科技进步奖的获奖项目名称进行关键词提取,并导入到CitespaceⅡ中,对获奖项目科研合作主题的整体状况进行分析,并进行分阶段研究。研究发现,随着年代的推移,研究人员的合作主题也随之发生变化,如在农业上,科研人员的合作主题由农作物的育种、优化栽培以及杂交技术的研究转向对农作物新品种的培育、选育以及种质创新；在重工业上,更加关注能源资源的安全开采及高效利用,另外在医学、交通运输以及生态环境等学科领域,科研人员的合作主题也都发生了变化。同时随着时代的进步,各种高新技术如：遥感技术、卫星技术、机器人技术等也日益受到科研人员的重视。获奖项目合作主题的转变不仅受到社会发展的影响,同时也受国家政策的引导。第四部分,获奖项目科研合作人员分析。通过对获奖项目科研人员的相关数据进行统计,发现在所有公布完成人的获奖项目中,96%的获奖项目都是由完成人通过合作完成的,并以10入合作完成的项目最多。将相关数据导入到CitespaceⅡ中,对获奖人员的合作情况进行分析,发现虽然大部分项目都是通过获奖人员的合作完成的,但是整体上,每个科研人员参与合作的次数较低,笔者认为主要原因在于科技进步奖涉及多个领域,而绝大多数学者、专家都专注于自己感兴趣的领域或与自己钻研领域相关的交叉学科方面进行科研活动,而且由于绝大部分完成人的获奖次数为1次,导致整体上每个完成人之间的合作程度较低。第五部分,获奖项目科研合作机构分析。通过对获奖项目科研合作机构的相关数据进行统计,发现在所有公布完成机构的获奖项目中,76%的获奖项目是通过机构间合作完成的,并且随着合作机构数量的增加,获奖项目数呈降低的趋势,各大高校是主要获奖机构,其次是大型医院以及科研院所,而公司、企业的获奖次数相对较少。将相关数据导入到CitespaceⅡ中,可以对获奖机构合作的整体情况进行分析,并进行分阶段研究,发现随着年代的推移,跨机构合作的科研合作方式趋势日益明显,另外以浙江大学和清华大学为代表的高校是知识发现的主要场所,是推动科技发展的主要机构。
[Abstract]:With the progress of the times, science and technology in the economic and social development plays an increasingly prominent role. At the same time, modern science is characterized by highly differentiated and highly integrated, in order to adapt to the development of modern science, the research subject is from a single to the co-operative transformation, the academic community came into being. Based on the national science and technology progress award as the data source. Are used to study the knowledge map research cooperation of the academic community, the academic community and put forward the problems and measures of cooperation in scientific research. The main contents of this thesis include the following parts: the first part introduces the basic theory. In this part, based on the existing research results of the study, the academic community, scientific research cooperation social network analysis, and the national science and technology awards to the relevant theoretical knowledge is summed up. The academic community is the main body of knowledge discovery, personnel training Keep the base, but also academic evaluation and academic behavior of the supervisor. Scientific research cooperation is the result of scientific development, in improving the quality of scientific research on knowledge output and play an important role. Social network analysis because it has very strong practicability, since 1930s, has been broadly in various fields the application of national science and technology awards. As a means of national macro-control, plays an important guiding role in the development and innovation of science and technology. The second part, research tools and data processing are introduced. The main statistical analysis tools used in this paper is Excel and Citespace II.Excel as the commonly used office software has been known by.CitesSpace software Dr. Chen Chaomei based on information visualization Java platform development software, this software can be a keyword, author, title and other multiple fields analysis, And the visual map, to study the situation in certain fields within a certain period of time were analyzed. CitesSpace software since 2004 after the birth, because of its easy to use, and can obtain accurate statistical results and the appearance of the map, will soon be widely used at home and abroad. The third part analysis topic the winning projects of scientific research. This part is mainly to the national science and technology progress award item name, keyword extraction, and imported into Citespace II, overall situation analysis on the theme of cooperation winning projects of scientific research, and stage research. The study found that with the time, the researchers also occurs with the theme of cooperation change, such as in agriculture, scientific research personnel cooperation theme from crop breeding, cultivation and optimization of hybrid technology to cultivate new varieties of crops, breeding and Germplasm Innovation New; in heavy industry, pay more attention to the safety mining and efficient use of energy resources, also in the field of transportation, medical, ecological environment and other disciplines, researchers have also changed the theme of cooperation. At the same time, with the progress of the times, all kinds of new technologies such as remote sensing, satellite technology, robotics etc. more and more attention from researchers. Change the winning project cooperation theme is not only influenced by the social development, but also by the guidance of national policy. The fourth part, analysis of cooperation winning projects research. By statistics data on target awards of scientific researchers, found in all published complete the award-winning projects, 96% the winning projects are completed by the people through cooperation, and 10 into cooperation projects most. The related data into Citespace II, cooperation of award-winning staff Analysis found that, although most of the projects are completed by award-winning staff cooperation, but on the whole, the number of each of the researchers involved in cooperation is low, the author thinks that the main reason lies in the science and technology progress award involves a number of areas, and the vast majority of scholars, experts have focused on their own areas of interest or with their related research the interdisciplinary field of scientific research activities, and because most people finish winning 1 times, leading to an overall level of cooperation between each finished lower. The fifth part, analysis of award-winning projects for scientific research cooperation mechanism. Through the statistical data on the award-winning project cooperation in scientific research institutions, found in all published complete the award-winning projects, 76% winning projects is completed through cooperation between organizations, and with the increase of the number of cooperative organizations, award-winning project number decreased trend Potential, major colleges and universities is the main winners, followed by large hospitals and research institutes, and companies, enterprises winning a relatively small number. The related data into Citespace II, analyze the overall situation of winning can cooperate mechanism, and stage research, found that with the time, the trend of inter agency cooperative research cooperation is becoming more and more obvious, in addition to the Zhejiang University and the Tsinghua University as the representative of the university is the main place of knowledge discovery, is the main mechanism for promoting the development of science and technology.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G322

【参考文献】