科学主义的多态性及其本质

发布时间：2018-06-02 06:37

本文选题：科学 + 科学主义　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文研究分析了科学主义的多态性及其本质的问题。科学主义多态性的表现形式分为：科学中的科学主义形态以及科学外的科学主义形态。科学中的科学主义，主要体现在自然科学中，特指科学家们对待科学的态度和立场。科学外的科学主义，主要特指哲学家对科学的态度和立场，，以及社会中的其他人士（社会民众、企业家、政治家等）对科学的态度和立场。本文分为引言、正文及结论三个部分。引言介绍了本文的选题的研究意义，科学主义的国内外研究现状，以及本文的研究思路与研究方法。正文包括三个章节。第一章阐述了科学主义的思想根源，以及不同时期的科学主义。科学主义寄生于科学，随着科学的发展，科学主义由最初依靠自然的方法作为手段，达到实证的目的。转向到了价值论的层面，发展为科学方法无条件的扩张，科学至上的科学万能论思想。第二章论述了科学中的科学主义主要派别及其表现形式。科学中的科学主义本质是理想主义与科学决定论：理想主义，是指科学主义是一种“科学研究纲领”，这种“科学研究纲领”需要人们要不断的研究和完善，因为它是我们人类探索自然与宇宙奥秘的基石。而科学决定论，则是我们的世界秩序是由自然规律所支配的，也就是说给定了一个系统的初始状态，我们可以通过已知的初始条件和自然规律来获取未来的状态，从而得出科学可以预见到未来。第三章论述了科学外的科学主义主要派别及其表现形式。哲学中的科学主义，可以看做哲学家对科学中流行的科学主义倾向之哲学概括和观念提升。这种概括和提升主要表现为对科学知识的可靠、无误之论证。哲学家们试图将现实世界中的现象还原为科学理论与科学方法。社会民众、企业家、政治家看重科学，一般来说，是因为科学的实用价值，即科学的工具性。正如我们今天的社会将科学的提到建国方略的首位，主要也是看重科学的生产力功能，即科学的技术——经济价值。因而总是将科学看做是科学与技术的整体，并偏重于技术，甚至整个科学的价值归结到“落脚到”技术的价值上去。结论论述了笔者对科学主义多态性本质的认识与看法。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the polymorphism and nature of scientism. The manifestations of scientism polymorphism include scientism in science and scientism outside science. Scientism in science is mainly embodied in natural science, especially the attitude and stand of scientists towards science. Scientism outside science mainly refers to the attitude and stand of philosophers towards science, and the attitude and stand of other people in society (social people, entrepreneurs, politicians, etc.) to science. This article is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction introduces the research significance of this topic, the current research situation of scientism at home and abroad, and the research ideas and methods of this paper. The text consists of three chapters. The first chapter expounds the ideological roots of scientism and the scientism in different periods. Scientism is parasitic in science. With the development of science, scientism relies on natural methods as a means to achieve the purpose of demonstration. Turning to the level of the theory of value, it develops into the scientific method of unconditional expansion, scientific supremacy of the scientific omnipotent thought. The second chapter discusses the main schools and manifestations of scientism in science. The essence of scientism in science is idealism and scientific determinism. Idealism means scientism is a "scientific research program". For it is the cornerstone of our human exploration of the mysteries of nature and the universe. The scientific determinism is that our world order is governed by the laws of nature, that is to say, given the initial state of a system, we can obtain the future state through known initial conditions and natural laws. So that science can foresee the future. Chapter three discusses the main schools and manifestations of scientism outside science. Scientism in philosophy can be seen as the philosophical generalization and promotion of the popular tendency of scientism in science. This kind of generalization and promotion mainly manifests as the reliable and unmistakable demonstration of scientific knowledge. Philosophers try to restore real-world phenomena to scientific theories and methods. Social citizens, entrepreneurs, politicians value science, generally speaking, because of the practical value of science, that is, the instrumental nature of science. Just as our society today will put science in the first place in the strategy of founding a nation, it is also important to pay attention to the productive function of science, that is, the technological and economic value of science. Therefore, science is always regarded as a whole of science and technology, and emphasis is placed on technology, even the value of the whole science comes down to the value of "settling down to" technology. Conclusion the author's understanding of the nature of scientism polymorphism is discussed.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G301

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