蒋介石的科学技术观

发布时间：2018-06-20 04:50

本文选题：蒋介石 + 科学技术本质　；参考：《南京农业大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：蒋介石身处中国由近代向现代过渡的历史时期,新旧价值冲突,中西文化激荡,因此他形成了极为复杂的科学技术观。在科学技术的本质方面,他认为科学有四个层次的定义,即科学旧解为讲求次序的穷理致知；科学应用在社会科学上的意义是组织；科学是基于经验的,以求宇宙实在为目的的知识体系；科学是真理的化身。在科学与宗教的关系上,他认为宗教等人文因素是科学技术的必要补充。在科学划界的问题上,他认为科学与伪科学有着民生、方法论和可证实性这三个方面的区别。在技术的定义方面,他认为科学与技术是两个不同范畴,技术是科学民生化的产物,是科学实现民生的直接手段。在比较中西科学技术思想时,他用“高而不亢”来评价中国固有的学术传统,强调以“谦而不卑”来对待西方的科学技术知识。在科学技术发展的动力上,他立足人类中心主义的立场,认为科学技术随着人类的出现而出现,随人类求生能力的提高而发展。在科学技术发展的模式方面,他认为科学技术的前进既有连续性又有革命性,科学技术的好坏以解决问题能力的高低来评价。在获得科学技术知识方面,他强调内与外并用,先验与经验结合,即“内而验之于心性,外而施之于事物”。从科学技术与社会的互动来看,他认为政治、经济、文化、教育为科学技术的发展提供了保证,而科学技术又为人类贡献了三民主义的民生、民权、民族功能,除了积极方面,晚年的他也提出科学技术存在诸如降低人类幸福感、间接导致民生问题等方面的消极影响。探究蒋介石的个人经历不难发现,他是一个受过传统教育的人,也是有过海外留学经历的人；他是尊重传统的人,也是一个信奉西洋宗教的人。他虽然个性极强,但是政治地位决定在诸多问题上,他个人的小观念不能跨出全局的大立场。这也使他的科学技术观中不可避免的存在中学与西学,科学主义与人文主义,道德负载与价值中立,理论与实践这四大矛盾。
[Abstract]:Jiang Jieshi is in the historical period of transition from modern to modern in China, the conflict of new and old values and the agitation of Chinese and Western cultures, so he has formed a very complicated view of science and technology. In terms of the nature of science and technology, he believes that science has four levels of definition, that is, the old definition of science as the poor theory of order; the meaning of the application of science in the social sciences is organizational; and the science is based on experience. A system of knowledge aimed at seeking the reality of the universe; science is the embodiment of truth. In the relation between science and religion, he thinks that religion and other humanistic factors are necessary complements of science and technology. On the issue of scientific demarcation, he holds that there are three differences between science and pseudoscience in terms of people's livelihood, methodology and verifiability. In the definition of technology, he thinks that science and technology are two different categories. Technology is the product of the livelihood of science and the direct means to realize people's livelihood. In comparing Chinese and Western scientific and technological thoughts, he used "high but not hyperactive" to evaluate China's inherent academic tradition and emphasized "modesty but not inferiority" to treat western scientific and technological knowledge. On the motive force of the development of science and technology, he based on the standpoint of anthropocentrism, thought that science and technology appeared with the appearance of human beings and developed with the improvement of human survival ability. In the mode of the development of science and technology, he thinks that the progress of science and technology is not only continuous but also revolutionary, and the quality of science and technology is evaluated by the ability of solving problems. In the acquisition of scientific and technological knowledge, he emphasizes the combination of internal and external, transcendental and empirical, that is, "inner experience in mind, external in things." From the perspective of the interaction between science and technology and society, he believes that politics, economy, culture, and education provide a guarantee for the development of science and technology, and that science and technology have contributed to the people's livelihood, civil rights, and national functions of the three people's principles, in addition to the positive aspects. In his later years, he also pointed out that science and technology have negative effects such as reducing human well-being and indirectly causing livelihood problems. Looking into Jiang Jieshi's personal experience, it is not hard to find that he is a man of traditional education and a person of overseas study; he is a man of respect for tradition and a man of Western religion. Although his personality is very strong, but his political status on many issues, his own small ideas can not take the overall position. This also makes the four contradictions between middle school and western learning, scientism and humanism, moral load and value neutrality, and theory and practice inevitably exist in his view of science and technology.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G301

【参考文献】