高被引科学家职业迁移与集聚现象研究
发布时间：2018-12-15 05:22
【摘要】：知识经济时代,人才是第一资源已成为世界各国的共识。科技精英人才是人才中的佼佼者和领军人,是建设创新型国家和世界一流大学的关键。但同时科技精英人才的稀缺性,也是世界各国共同面临的挑战。随着全球化的发展,科技精英人才成为在全球流通的资源,各国政府和各类高等教育机构由此展开了激烈的人才竞争。科技精英人才的迁移与集聚问题也成为了国内外学者和管理者广泛关注的问题。本研究以汤姆森路透高被引科学家数据库所收录的2430名高被引科学家为样本,运用简历分析法对这些高被引科学家职业发展过程中的国别迁移与机构迁移规律进行分析。为进一步分析国别迁移与机构迁移的原因,本研究还通过网络调查工具对抽样样本进行了有关职业迁移原因的问卷调查,共回收308份有效问卷。在此基础上,运用描述性统计分析方法、方差分析方法、相关分析方法、回归分析方法对问卷调查结果进行分析。结果发现： 在国别迁移过程中,科技精英人才职业发展的各个阶段都有国别迁移情况发生,但向美国集聚的现象主要发生在其教育阶段和职业发展的早期,随后这种现象发生逆转。从实证分析结果来看,学士到博士阶段是科技精英人才向美国集聚的主要阶段,博士到初职阶段科技精英人才向美国集聚的趋势明显减弱,最后在初职到现职阶段,科技精英人才从美国逆向集聚到其他创新型国家(地区)。可见,科技精英人才在其国别迁移过程中,并不像已有研究所说,不断向美国迁移与集聚,而是随着其职业的发展,他们逐渐从美国逆向集聚到其他国家(地区)。根据人力资本理论和优势累积理论对国别迁移的推拉力因素的分析,科技精英人才从美国逆向集聚,与其能在其他国家(地区)获得更多的个人发展与提升有关。而关于科技精英人才职业迁移原因的问卷调查结果也显示,工作环境是非常重要的影响因素。 在机构迁移过程中,科技精英人才的确呈现向名校集聚的趋势,且名校主要是指在世界大学学术排名(Academic Ranking of World Universities,简称ARWU)中排名1-100的世界一流大学。从实证分析结果来看,学士到博士阶段,ARWU排名1-100大学成为唯一一类形成高被引科学家集聚的大学；虽然博士到初职阶段,从ARWU排名1-100大学向其他类型机构迁移与集聚的高被引科学家人数最多,但初职到现职阶段,高被引科学家又重新在ARWU排名1-100大学形成集聚。根据人力资本理论和优势累积理论的观点,无论是为了预期收益还是为了累积优势,科技精英人才在其职业发展过程中,会向着优势机构迁移与集聚,即使在这一过程中可能会出现逆向集聚的现象,但最终还是会向优势机构集聚的。因此,结合实证分析的结果可知,在已有机构迁移研究中所述的名校或优势机构,主要是指在世界大学学术排名前100的世界一流大学。 为进一步了解能吸引科技精英人才迁移与集聚的优势条件,本研究对中国香港、中国台湾、以及沙特阿拉伯集聚科技精英人才的现状及原因进行了个案分析。虽然这些国家和地区在科技精英人才集聚的模式上存在差异,但具体的集聚措施上仍旧有一些共性的特征。概况而言,这些共同的特征主要体现在三个方面：政府的科研投入是集聚科技精英人才的前提条件；少数重点大学是科技精英人才的集聚平台；确定合适的人才引进目标能加速国家(地区)科技精英人才的集聚。针对中国大陆科技精英人才短缺,同时对全球科技精英人才缺乏吸引力的问题,本研究也提出相应的启示,主要有三点：要形成科技精英人才的集聚,就需要政府的大力投入；要形成科技精英人才的集聚,就需要加快世界一流大学建设步伐；要形成科技精英人才的集聚,就需要合理目标定位。 通过对科技精英人才国别迁移与机构迁移特征与原因的实证分析可知,科技精英人才在其职业发展过程中是有可能从美国逆向集聚到其他国家(地区)的,且在机构迁移过程中总是向着世界一流大学集聚的。 本研究的主要创新点是：发现了科技精英人才国别迁移过程中向美国集聚的新特征,即随着职业的发展,科技精英人才是可能从美国逆向集聚到其他国家(地区)的；用世界大学学术排名验证了科技精英人才向名校集聚的规律。
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, the first resource has become the consensus of all the countries of the world. The talent of science and technology is the leader in the talent and the leader, and is the key to the construction of an innovative country and one of the world's first-class universities. But at the same time, the scarcity of the talents of the science and technology elite is also a common challenge for all the countries of the world. With the development of globalization, the talents of science and technology have become the resources of circulation in the world. The problem of the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite has also become an important issue for scholars and managers at home and abroad. In this study, 2430 high-cited scientists, which were included in the Thomson Reuters high-cited scientist's database, were used as a sample to analyze the country's migration and institutional migration in the course of career development of these high-cited scientists. In order to further analyze the reasons for the migration of the country and the mechanism, the study also carried out a questionnaire on the causes of occupational migration through the network survey tool, and a total of 308 valid questionnaires were collected. On this basis, a descriptive statistical analysis method, an analysis of variance method, a correlation analysis method and a regression analysis method were used to analyze the results of the questionnaire. As a result, it was found that: In the course of country migration, there are country-specific migration in the various stages of the professional development of the technical elite, but the phenomenon of agglomeration to the United States mainly occurs in the early stage of its education and career development, and then the phenomenon is reversed From the result of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor stage is the main stage of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States, and the tendency of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States in the early stage is obviously weakened, and finally in the early stage to the present level. Segment, Science and technology elite from the United States to other innovative countries (regions It can be seen that, in the course of the country's migration, the elite of the science and technology is not moving from the United States to the rest of the country as it moves from the United States to other countries, not just as the Institute has said, but with the development of its profession). According to the theory of human capital and the analysis of the push-pull factor of the theory of advantage accumulation to the country's migration, the scientific and technological elite can get more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions) from the reverse concentration of the United States, and it can obtain more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions). The results of the questionnaire on the cause of the professional migration of the elite of the science and technology elite also show that the working environment is very important. In the process of institution migration, the talent of the science and technology elite does present a tendency to concentrate to the famous school, and the famous school mainly refers to the world 1-100 in the academic ranking of the world university (ARWU). From the results of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor's stage, the ARWU ranks the 1-100 university to become the only university which forms the cluster of high-cited scientists, while the doctor to the early stage, from the ARWU to the 1-100 university to migrate and gather high-cited scientists from other types of institutions The largest, but in the early stage to the current stage, the high-cited scientists are again in the ARWU ranking of 1-100. From the point of view of the theory of human capital and the cumulative theory of the advantages, whether to expect the income or to accumulate the advantages, the talents of the science and technology will move and gather in the process of their career development, even in the course of this process. It's a phenomenon, but eventually it's going to be an advantage. As a result, it can be seen from the results of the empirical analysis that the famous school or the advantage institution described in the research of the existing institutional migration mainly refers to the world 1 in the top 100 of the world university's academic ranking. In order to further understand the advantages and conditions that can attract the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the present study has carried on the present situation and the cause of the talents of the high-tech elite in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Saudi Arabia. A case-by-case analysis has been made. While these countries and regions differ in the pattern of the concentration of scientific and technological elite, there are still some of the specific convergence measures In general, these common features are mainly embodied in three aspects: the government's scientific research input is the prerequisite for gathering the talents of the scientific and technological elite, and a few key universities are the talents of the scientific and technological elite. a gathering platform; it is determined that a suitable talent introduction target can speed up the country's science and technology elite In the light of the shortage of Chinese technology elite, and the lack of attraction to the talents of the global science and technology elite, this study also puts forward the corresponding enlightenment, which mainly includes three points: to form the gathering of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the government's strong input is needed; and the scientific and technological elite should be formed. The gathering of talents needs to speed up the pace of the construction of the world's first-class university, and it will be necessary to combine the talents of the scientific and technological elite. On the basis of the empirical analysis of the characteristics and causes of the country migration and institutional migration of the talents of the science and technology, it is clear that the talents of the science and technology are likely to cluster from the United States to the other in the course of their career development. Countries (regions) and are always in the world in the process of institutional migration The main innovation point of this study is the discovery of the new features that the technology elite can gather in the United States in the course of country migration, that is, with the development of the profession, the talents of the scientific and technological elite are likely to gather in the reverse of the United States. Other countries (regions); the world university's academic ranking to validate the elite
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G316
本文编号：2380058
[Abstract]:In the era of knowledge economy, the first resource has become the consensus of all the countries of the world. The talent of science and technology is the leader in the talent and the leader, and is the key to the construction of an innovative country and one of the world's first-class universities. But at the same time, the scarcity of the talents of the science and technology elite is also a common challenge for all the countries of the world. With the development of globalization, the talents of science and technology have become the resources of circulation in the world. The problem of the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite has also become an important issue for scholars and managers at home and abroad. In this study, 2430 high-cited scientists, which were included in the Thomson Reuters high-cited scientist's database, were used as a sample to analyze the country's migration and institutional migration in the course of career development of these high-cited scientists. In order to further analyze the reasons for the migration of the country and the mechanism, the study also carried out a questionnaire on the causes of occupational migration through the network survey tool, and a total of 308 valid questionnaires were collected. On this basis, a descriptive statistical analysis method, an analysis of variance method, a correlation analysis method and a regression analysis method were used to analyze the results of the questionnaire. As a result, it was found that: In the course of country migration, there are country-specific migration in the various stages of the professional development of the technical elite, but the phenomenon of agglomeration to the United States mainly occurs in the early stage of its education and career development, and then the phenomenon is reversed From the result of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor stage is the main stage of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States, and the tendency of the scientific and technological elite to gather in the United States in the early stage is obviously weakened, and finally in the early stage to the present level. Segment, Science and technology elite from the United States to other innovative countries (regions It can be seen that, in the course of the country's migration, the elite of the science and technology is not moving from the United States to the rest of the country as it moves from the United States to other countries, not just as the Institute has said, but with the development of its profession). According to the theory of human capital and the analysis of the push-pull factor of the theory of advantage accumulation to the country's migration, the scientific and technological elite can get more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions) from the reverse concentration of the United States, and it can obtain more personal development and promotion in other countries (regions). The results of the questionnaire on the cause of the professional migration of the elite of the science and technology elite also show that the working environment is very important. In the process of institution migration, the talent of the science and technology elite does present a tendency to concentrate to the famous school, and the famous school mainly refers to the world 1-100 in the academic ranking of the world university (ARWU). From the results of the empirical analysis, the bachelor's degree to the doctor's stage, the ARWU ranks the 1-100 university to become the only university which forms the cluster of high-cited scientists, while the doctor to the early stage, from the ARWU to the 1-100 university to migrate and gather high-cited scientists from other types of institutions The largest, but in the early stage to the current stage, the high-cited scientists are again in the ARWU ranking of 1-100. From the point of view of the theory of human capital and the cumulative theory of the advantages, whether to expect the income or to accumulate the advantages, the talents of the science and technology will move and gather in the process of their career development, even in the course of this process. It's a phenomenon, but eventually it's going to be an advantage. As a result, it can be seen from the results of the empirical analysis that the famous school or the advantage institution described in the research of the existing institutional migration mainly refers to the world 1 in the top 100 of the world university's academic ranking. In order to further understand the advantages and conditions that can attract the migration and agglomeration of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the present study has carried on the present situation and the cause of the talents of the high-tech elite in Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Saudi Arabia. A case-by-case analysis has been made. While these countries and regions differ in the pattern of the concentration of scientific and technological elite, there are still some of the specific convergence measures In general, these common features are mainly embodied in three aspects: the government's scientific research input is the prerequisite for gathering the talents of the scientific and technological elite, and a few key universities are the talents of the scientific and technological elite. a gathering platform; it is determined that a suitable talent introduction target can speed up the country's science and technology elite In the light of the shortage of Chinese technology elite, and the lack of attraction to the talents of the global science and technology elite, this study also puts forward the corresponding enlightenment, which mainly includes three points: to form the gathering of the talents of the scientific and technological elite, the government's strong input is needed; and the scientific and technological elite should be formed. The gathering of talents needs to speed up the pace of the construction of the world's first-class university, and it will be necessary to combine the talents of the scientific and technological elite. On the basis of the empirical analysis of the characteristics and causes of the country migration and institutional migration of the talents of the science and technology, it is clear that the talents of the science and technology are likely to cluster from the United States to the other in the course of their career development. Countries (regions) and are always in the world in the process of institutional migration The main innovation point of this study is the discovery of the new features that the technology elite can gather in the United States in the course of country migration, that is, with the development of the profession, the talents of the scientific and technological elite are likely to gather in the reverse of the United States. Other countries (regions); the world university's academic ranking to validate the elite
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：G316
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