乡村旅游开发移民补偿办法研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 13:31

本文选题：乡村旅游 + 移民　；参考：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：乡村旅游是我国一种新的旅游发展方式，它有利于促进我国旅游发展，推动新农村建设和三农问题的解决。在乡村旅游开发过程中，由于没能妥善解决好乡村旅游征地引起的移民补偿问题，使得乡村旅游的作用并没有真正发挥出来。如何解决乡村旅游开发移民补偿问题，对促进乡村旅游可持续发展和“三农”问题的解决具有重要意义。从农用地和宅基地本身价值、维护国家粮食安全、保护环境、促进乡村旅游可持续发展四个方面来看，对乡村旅游开发引起的移民进行补偿有其必然性和必要性。目前我国乡村旅游开发移民补偿大多是一次性的经济补偿，补偿范围也只限于土地补偿费、安置补助费、地上附着物补偿和宅基地房屋补偿五个方面，这些都是以经济补偿为主，缺乏恢复移民生产生活的具体补偿办法和措施，，而且移民得到的补偿并没有反映移民的全部损失。我国乡村旅游开发移民补偿存在五个问题：补偿标准不合理，补偿范围不全面；补偿方式单一，补偿后容易产生纠纷；乡村旅游移民补偿社会福利不稳定，旅游参与程度比较低；机会成本大，威胁国家粮食安全；缺乏有效的监督机制和法律保护。可持续性乡村旅游开发移民补偿是解决这些问题的一种科学方法。可持续性乡村旅游开发移民补偿，是指基于乡村旅游移民既有补偿办法，以乡村旅游为载体，把补偿与发展有机结合，通过移民参与乡村旅游发展，帮助移民重建一个自力更生的生产基地和生活环境，使居民有新的乡村旅游发展机会，促进居民生活水平的恢复和提高，使乡村旅游和居民的利益得到可持续性的发展，最终在环境，社会，经济三效合一的基础上持续发展的一种优化补偿策略。它的主要目标是在发展乡村旅游的情况下，既保护移民当前利益，又不损害移民后期生产生活重建的利益，使各方利益均可持续发展。依据这一概念，可以运用五个办法来具体解决乡村旅游移民补偿问题：用经济收益补偿，以及设立乡村旅游开发公益保障金和利民价值来补偿乡村旅游负外部性，以提高补偿标准，扩大补偿范围；采取政府补偿和民间补偿相结合、直接补偿和间接补偿相结合、连续性补偿和一次性补偿相结合、政策补偿和技术补偿相结合等四种补偿方式，来丰富移民补偿方式；分三个阶段来完善社会保障补偿，政策性提高旅游参与程度：以经济和物质补偿为基础的前期补偿，针对移民心理和知识技能培训的过渡期补偿，以及建立移民社区--乡村旅游景区共生模式的后期补偿；设立粮食发展基金，维护社会稳定，减少乡村旅游开发征用农村土地对我国粮食安全的影响；设立征地监督仲裁机构，维护移民、乡村旅游开发商、当地政府等相关利益者的利益。这些办法的最终目的都是让移民与乡村旅游景区形成风险公担、利益共享的相互影响的共生互利关系，可以有效推动移民就业和生产生活的重建。
[Abstract]:Rural tourism is a new way of tourism development in China, which is conducive to promoting the development of China's tourism, promoting the construction of new rural areas and solving the problems of agriculture, rural and rural areas. In the process of rural tourism development, the role of rural tourism has not been brought into full play due to the failure to properly solve the problem of immigration compensation caused by rural tourism expropriation. How to solve the problem of resettlement compensation for rural tourism development is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism and solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers.
From the four aspects of the value of agricultural land and homestead itself, the maintenance of national food security, the protection of the environment and the sustainable development of rural tourism, it is necessary and necessary to compensate the migrants caused by rural tourism development. At present, most of the compensation for rural tourism development in China is one-off economic compensation, and the scope of compensation is only only It is limited to five aspects of land compensation, compensation for resettlement, compensation for ground attachments and housing compensation for homestead, which are mainly based on economic compensation, lack of concrete compensation methods and measures to restore the production and living of immigrants, and the compensation for immigration does not reflect the total loss of immigration. The compensation for rural tourism development in China exists Five problems: the compensation standard is unreasonable, the scope of compensation is not comprehensive; the mode of compensation is single and the compensation is easy to produce disputes; the rural tourism migrants compensate for the social welfare instability, the tourism participation is low, the opportunity cost is large, the national food security is threatened, the effective supervision mechanism and legal protection are lacking. The sustainable rural tourism is open. Resettlement compensation is a scientific method to solve these problems. The sustainable rural tourism development immigrant compensation means that rural tourism migrants are based on both compensation and rural tourism as the carrier, combine compensation and development organically, participate in rural tourism development through immigration, and help emigrants rebuild a self-reliance production base and The living environment makes residents have new opportunities for rural tourism development, promote the recovery and improvement of residents' living standards, make rural tourism and residents' interests sustainable development, and ultimately develop an optimized compensation strategy based on the three effects of environment, society and economy. Its main goal is to develop rural tourism. Under the circumstances, it can not only protect the current interests of the immigrants, but also do not harm the interests of the reconstruction of the later production and life of the immigrants, and make the interests of all the parties sustainable development. According to this concept, five methods can be used to solve the problem of rural tourism emigration compensation: the compensation of economic income, and the establishment of the public welfare security and the interest of the people in the development of rural tourism. To compensate the negative externality of rural tourism, in order to improve the compensation standard and expand the scope of compensation, four kinds of compensation methods, such as the combination of government compensation and civil compensation, combination of direct compensation and indirect compensation, combination of continuous compensation and one-time compensation, combination of policy compensation and technical compensation, are used to enrich the way of compensation for immigration; three In order to improve the social security compensation and improve the participation degree of tourism policy, the period compensation based on the economic and material compensation, the compensation for the transition period of the immigrant psychology and the training of knowledge and skills, and the later compensation for the establishment of the immigrant community - the symbiotic mode of the rural tourist attractions; the establishment of the food development fund to maintain social stability and decrease. The impact of rural tourism on the development of rural land on the food security of China, the establishment of land expropriation supervision and arbitration institutions, the interests of the relevant stakeholders, such as immigration, rural tourism developers, local governments, etc., the ultimate aim of these measures is to make the immigrant and rural tourist attractions form the risk public, and the mutual influence of mutual benefit sharing. The benefit relationship can effectively promote the employment of migrants and the reconstruction of production and life.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F592.6;D632.4

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