新疆石人子沟遗址出土家马的DNA研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 16:22

【摘要】：运用古DNA技术对新疆石人子沟遗址的墓葬中出土的古代家马样本进行遗传学分析。共选取5匹家马骨骼样本,从中提取DNA并对线粒体DNA控制区和毛色控制基因的核DNA进行PCR扩增。全部样本获得了线粒体DNA序列,在这5个序列中共检测出3个不同的单倍型,可以归属到3个不同的谱系A,B和E。毛色控制基因的SNP检测结果显示石人子沟遗址古代家马有栗色(chestnut)、枣色(bay)和金黄色(palomino)3种不同毛色。尽管样本量很小,但是线粒体DNA和毛色控制基因的核DNA研究均显示出石人子沟遗址的古代家马具有较高的遗传多样性。结合古代文献记载和新疆的特殊地理位置,支持新疆是家马引入中国的一个重要通道的观点。此外,金黄色马与墓主人同葬于墓室,可能是当时特殊的选择,表明马在古代人类社会中具有着重要的地位。
[Abstract]:The genetic analysis of ancient domestic horse samples unearthed from the tomb of Shirenzigou site in Xinjiang was carried out by using ancient DNA technique. DNA was extracted from 5 domestic horse bone samples and the nuclear DNA of mitochondrial DNA control region and coat color control gene were amplified by PCR. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained from all the samples. Three different haplotypes were detected in the five sequences, which could be assigned to three different lineages. The results of SNP analysis of coat color control gene showed that there were three kinds of different coat colors in ancient domestic horses: chestnut (chestnut), jujube (bay) and golden (palomino). Although the sample size is very small, both mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA studies of coat color control genes indicate that the ancient domestic horses at the site of Shirenzigou have high genetic diversity. In combination with the ancient literature and the special geographical location of Xinjiang, it supports the view that Xinjiang is an important channel for the introduction of home and horse into China. In addition, the golden horse was buried in the tomb with the owner of the tomb, which may be a special choice at that time, indicating that the horse played an important role in ancient human society.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院考古研究所;加拿大西蒙菲莎大学考古学系古DNA实验室;首都师范大学历史学院;西北大学文化遗产学院;
【基金】：2011年度国家社科基金重大项目(批准号:11&ZD183) 国家文物局文物保护和科学技术研究项目(批准号:20110222) 第51批中国博士后科学基金面上资助二等资助(批准号:2012M510694) Henry Luce Foundation,SFU SMALL SSHRC共同资助
【分类号】：S821-09;K878

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