老挝利用外资推进工业化进程研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 23:12

本文关键词：老挝利用外资推进工业化进程研究　出处：《昆明理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1986年改革开放后,为了摆脱贫困,老挝逐步实施经济体制改革与实行对外经济开放政策,积极引进外资,致力于提高国内生产力以及人民的生活水平。20多年来,老挝工业成为外资流入的主要产业。1990年工业生产值占老挝国内生产总值的14%,而到2012年上升到28.34%,年均增长率为16%。由此可见,外资在一定的程度上影响了老挝工业发展,推动国民经济增长。但是,老挝工业发展的基础较薄弱,工业发展进程存在许多约束,加上引资经验的不足等问题,这些都成为老挝走进工业化进程中的巨大障碍。本论文在回顾和综合梳理外商直接投资影响东道国工业发展理论的基础上,对老挝工业化发展进程中利用外商直接投资现状和所存在的问题,运用理论与实际相结合,定性和定量分析相结合的方法,就外商直接投资对老挝工业发展的影响进行了实证研究。本文的主要研究内容是分析外商直接投资如何影响老挝工业化的发展、从技术溢出和人力资源的角度来针对外资对老挝轻工业的影响和作用、并分析外商直接投资对老挝“荷兰病”存在与否。研究的角度以老挝自然资源的比较优势作为主题,高效率的利用外资作为核心,针对目前老挝利用外资的发展策略进行全面的分析。通过研究本论文得出以下结论：外商直接投资在一定的程度上促进了老挝工业化的发展,外商直接投资对工业总产出就有显著性的正向影响；本文同时也发现轻工业在老挝经济发展过程中具有巨大的发展空间和优势,外商直接投资对老挝轻工业产出也有正向的影响,并且有一定的技术溢出效应。但是,对技术型轻工业行业的外商投资相对较少；由于大部分外商直接投资都是资源导向型项目,大量资金的流入,使得国际汇率升值导致了轻工业出口受阻。因此,本文针对上述结论提出相应的政策建议：1.老挝目前的经济发展策略是以本国丰富的自然资源来吸引大规模的投资,这些项目的开发在一定时间里促进了老挝外汇收入的增加。但是,这些项目在提升就业和技术溢出方面并没有太大的作用,由于大多数以自然资源为主的项目所利用当地熟练劳动力的人数并不多,大多是非技术的员工,而技术型员工都是从投资国以及其他的国家引进来的。因此,老挝应该积极引入像对轻工业有技术溢出的外商直接投资。2.虽然老挝轻工业正在迅速发展,但是和重工业的增长速度相比还有一定的差距。由于轻工业是带动就业和劳动力的主要行业,以农业为主的老挝目前正在积极地发展本国工业,反而农业的生产量在减少,导致了大规模的农业劳动力过剩,这意味着农业劳动力即将往大城市流动,大城市的就业竞争也会越来越紧张。因此,从劳动密集型工业的发展出发再向技术密集型行业的发展,才能解决上述问题以确保老挝经济长期的发展。
[Abstract]:In 1986 after the reform and opening up, in order to get rid of poverty, Laos gradual implementation of economic system reform and the implementation of foreign economic policy of opening up, actively introduce foreign capital, is committed to improving the country's productivity and people's living standard.20 over the years, Laos has become the main industrial production of foreign capital industry.1990 years industrial production accounted for 14% of GDP in Laos, and to in 2012 rose to 28.34%, with an average annual growth rate of 16%., thus, the influence of foreign capital of Laos industrial development to a certain extent, promote the growth of national economy. However, Laos based industrial development is relatively weak, the industrial development process has many problems such as lack of restraint, plus investment experience, these have become a huge obstacle to industrialization into Laos in the process.
In this paper, a review and a comprehensive review of foreign direct investment based on the theory of industrial development in host country, FDI in Laos in the process of industrialization development status and existing problems, using the combination of theory and practice, the method of combining qualitative and quantitative analysis of the effects of FDI on industrial development of Laos in the empirical research. The main research content of this paper is to analyze how foreign direct investment affect the development of Laos industrialization, from the perspective of human resources and technology spillover effect of foreign capital to Laos for light industry and function, and analysis of foreign direct investment in Laos "Dutch disease" existence. Study on the comparative advantage of natural resources in Laos as the theme, the use of foreign capital efficiency as the core, to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the current developing strategy of Laos foreign capital utilization.
This paper draws the following conclusion: foreign direct investment to a certain extent, promoted the development of Laos industrialization, foreign direct investment has significantly positive effect on industrial output; the paper also found the light industry development space is huge and the advantages in the development process of the economy, foreign direct investment has positive impact on Laos light industrial output, and the technology spillover effect to a certain extent. However, the technology oriented light industry foreign investment is relatively small; because most of the foreign direct investment are resource oriented projects, capital inflows, the international exchange rate appreciation LED light industry exports. Therefore, this paper puts forward the corresponding the policy recommendations according to the conclusions: 1. Laos economic development strategy is currently in its abundant natural resources to attract large-scale investment, these Project development promotes the increase of Laos Foreign Exchange Income in a certain time. However, these projects in promoting employment and technology spillover and not much effect, because the majority of natural resource projects by the number of skilled labor is not much, mostly non technical staff, and technical staff is from investment in the country and other countries to introduce. Therefore, Laos should actively introduce as the light industry has the technology spillover of foreign direct investment.2. although Laos light industry is developing rapidly, but the growth rate of heavy industry there is still a gap compared. Because of the light industry is the main industry employment and labor, to agriculture Laos is currently actively the development of national industry, but agriculture production decreased, resulting in a large surplus of agricultural labor force, which means that the agricultural labor The driving force is going to move to big cities. The competition for employment in big cities will also become more and more intense. Therefore, from the development of labor-intensive industries to the development of technology intensive industries, we can solve these problems to ensure the long-term development of Laos.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F433.4

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