环境约束下火电企业全要素能源效率研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 21:40

  本文关键词：环境约束下火电企业全要素能源效率研究　出处：《华北电力大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 火电企业 全要素能源效率 SBM方向距离函数 全要素能源效率变动指标 影响因素

【摘要】：电力工业作为国民经济的基础产业和主要能源行业，在生产运营中要占用和消费大量能源，同时也是污染物排放的主要来源，因而成为我国节能降耗和污染减排的重点关注对象。火力发电企业作为电力生产的微观主体，也是节能降耗、保护环境的主体，提高火电企业的能源效率对于实施电力行业乃至全国的节能减排具有重要意义。 为避免传统以发电煤耗等单要素能源效率指标表征发电企业能源利用效率的缺陷，本文在全要素能源效率概念框架下，利用环境DEA技术和基于松弛变量的非径向的SBM方向距离函数构建了考虑环境约束的火电企业全要素能源效率模型，对河北省13家大型火电企业2009-2011年的全要素能源效率及其成分进行了分析评价，，并在此基础上利用面板数据模型对火电企业全要素能源效率的影响因素进行了实证研究。 结果表明：从静态看，考虑环境约束的火电企业全要素能源效率值低于未考虑环境约束的情形，表明环境约束对火电企业造成了效率损失，但损失程度与企业自身的经营状况及环境保护意识有关；污染排放无效率是环境约束下火电企业能源效率低下的主要原因，火电企业减排压力大于节能压力；尽管各企业全要素能源效率变动存在差异，但总体呈下降趋势，只不过下降幅度有所减小。从动态看，环境约束下火电企业全要素能源效率增长低于不考虑环境约束的情况，意味着火电企业在追求产值最大化和环境污染最小化双重目标时，对后一目标的实现尚未取得突破性进展；进一步基于技术效率变动和技术进步角度的分解分析表明，环境约束下火电企业全要素能源效率增长是由技术进步推动的，而技术效率出现了退步，阻碍了火电企业全要素能源效率的增长。基于要素构成角度的分解表明，环境约束下火电企业全要素能源效率的提高主要来自于劳动力生产技术的提升，而能源使用效率和污染物排放治理效率则呈现负向增长，抑制了全要素能源效率的增长，成为制约全要素能源效率增长的瓶颈；在诸多影响能源效率的因素中，火电企业运营时间、机组役龄、产能利用率、环境治理强度、资本-劳动比和机组容量利用率对于环境约束下火电企业全要素能源效率有显著的影响，只是影响方向和大小不同；机组容量利用率增长和滞后一期的能源无效率对火电企业全要素能源效率的长期增长也有显著的促进作用。基于上述分析，提出了相关的政策建议。
[Abstract]:The electric power industry is the basic industry of the national economy and the main energy industry to occupy and consume a lot of energy in production and operation, and also is a major source of emissions of pollutants, and thus become the focus of China's energy saving and pollution reduction of thermal power enterprises as the object of attention. As the main micro power production, but also the main energy consumption, protect the environment the increase of thermal power enterprise energy efficiency has important significance for the implementation of the power industry and the national energy-saving emission reduction.
In order to avoid the traditional electric power generation single factor energy efficiency index to characterize the power enterprise energy efficiency defects, based on total factor energy efficiency concept framework, using DEA technology and environmental slack variables of non radial SBM directional distance function is constructed based on the environmental constraints of thermal power enterprises total factor energy efficiency model, analysis and evaluation in Hebei Province, 13 large thermal power enterprises 2009-2011 years of total factor energy efficiency and its components, impact on the total factor energy efficiency factors of thermal power enterprises based on Panel Data Model in the empirical research.
The results showed that: from a static perspective, consider the total factor energy efficiency of thermal power enterprise value is lower than the environment does not consider environmental constraints, environmental constraints that caused the loss of efficiency of thermal power enterprises, but the extent of the loss and the operation of enterprises and the awareness of environmental protection; pollution emission inefficiency is the main reason of thermal power enterprise energy efficiency environmental constraints, pressure reduction is greater than the pressure of energy saving in power enterprises; although the total factor energy efficiency of each enterprise changes are different, but the overall downward trend, but the decline has decreased. From the dynamic perspective, the environment under the constraint of total factor energy efficiency of thermal power enterprise growth than that without considering the environmental constraints, mean thermal power enterprises in the the pursuit of value maximization and minimal environmental pollution, to achieve a goal has not yet made a breakthrough in one step; Angle decomposition analysis of technical efficiency change and technological progress based on the environmental constraints of thermal power enterprises total factor energy efficiency growth is driven by technological progress, and technical efficiency has been backward, hindered the total factor energy efficiency of thermal power enterprise growth. The angle of the decomposition elements based on the improvement of total factor energy efficiency of power enterprises the environmental constraints mainly from the labor force and the improvement of production technology, energy efficiency and emission control efficiency showed negative growth, inhibit the growth of total factor energy efficiency become a bottleneck restricting the growth of total factor energy efficiency; in many factors of energy efficiency in the age of thermal power enterprises operating time, unit. Capacity utilization, environmental governance strength, capital labor ratio and unit capacity utilization rate for thermal power enterprises under environmental constraints of total factor energy efficiency is The significant impact is only on the direction and size. The energy inefficiency of unit capacity utilization and the lag one phase also has a significant role in promoting the long-term growth of total factor energy efficiency in thermal power enterprises. Based on the above analysis, relevant policy recommendations are put forward.

【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F205;F426.61

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