吉林省风力发电外部性及其政策分析

发布时间：2018-01-10 23:04

本文关键词：吉林省风力发电外部性及其政策分析　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近些年来中国的可再生能源产业取得了迅猛的发展，包括风电在内的可再生能源的发电量已经位于世界前列。这与中国对可再生能源产业的支持政策是密不可分的。风力发电与传统能源发电相比，具有独特的优势，本文通过对外部性理论进行整理分析，从外部性的角度考虑风力发电所带来的正负外部性。由于风力发电与常规发电相比成本较高，政府为了获得其明显的正外部性，制定了一系列政策力图将外部性内部化。本文分类总结风电发达国家的政策，将其划分为供给型政策工具、环境型政策工具和需求型政策工具，并在此基础上对我国风力发电的政策进行比较评价。本文接下来以吉林省典型一期风电场为例，对其进行定量分析，考察发电成本的主要来源和影响其经济效益的敏感因素，并通过估算该风电场的节能减排能力、火电场调峰所额外消耗的能源量以及电网为其上网发电而增加的投资来量化其外部效应，最后通过计算政府为使其外部性内部化而付出的成本，比较得出风电场外部性的经济意义。通过定性和定量两个角度的分析，，最终得出虽然风力发电带来了巨大的正外部性，但其同时也带来了不可忽视的负外部性，而政府在制定政策时往往忽略其负外部性，并没有对利益受害者进行补偿，通过计算发现政府为了获得正外部性所付出的成本远远高于正外部性所带来的经济效益，最后，笔者在上述分析的基础上对吉林省的风电现状进行总结并对政府政策制定提出相应建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's renewable energy industry has made rapid development. Renewable energy sources, including wind power, are already among the world's leading producers. This is inextricably linked to China's policy of supporting the renewable energy industry, which compares with traditional energy generation. This paper analyzes the externality theory and considers the positive and negative externalities brought by wind power generation from the perspective of externality. The cost of wind power generation is higher than that of conventional power generation. In order to obtain its obvious positive externalities, the government has formulated a series of policies to internalize externalities. This paper classifies and summarizes the policies of wind power developed countries and divides them into supply-oriented policy tools. On the basis of environmental policy tool and demand policy tool, the policy of wind power generation in China is compared and evaluated. This paper takes the typical first stage wind farm in Jilin Province as an example to make quantitative analysis to investigate the main source of power generation cost and the sensitive factors that affect its economic benefits. The external effects are quantified by estimating the energy saving and emission reduction capacity of the wind farm, the amount of additional energy consumed by the peak shaving of the fire farm and the increased investment of the power grid for its power generation. Finally, the economic significance of externality of wind farm is compared by calculating the cost that the government pays to internalize the externality of wind farm. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is concluded that although wind power has brought huge positive externalities, it also brings negative externalities that can not be ignored. However, the government often ignores its negative externalities when making policy, and does not compensate the benefit victims. Through the calculation, we find that the cost of the government to obtain positive externality is much higher than the economic benefits brought by the positive externality. Finally. Based on the above analysis, the author summarizes the current situation of wind power in Jilin province and puts forward some suggestions for government policy making.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.61

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