我国核废料管理的困境与对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 15:21

本文关键词：我国核废料管理的困境与对策研究　出处：《东华理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：核能经历了几十年的曲折发展，现已在多方面得到很好的利用，，尤其是在核能发电领域，为各国的温室气体问题和能源短缺问题解决了不少麻烦。但随着核能利用的越来越广泛以及核电站数量的陆续增加，核废料处理问题日趋严峻。由于核废料处理是一项复杂的系统工程，有些核废料（例如高放废物或者乏燃料）需要经过几千年甚至几万年的自我衰变完全。人们最初只是将这些核废料暂存起来，或者直接倾倒掩埋。随着人们认识的提高，了解了核废料的巨大潜在威胁，开始寻求更好的解决办法。本文主要从我国核废料处理现有的问题和困境出发，从法律法规、政策条例，文化意识，民众参与及选址和技术等方面，运用文献查阅和对比研究，借鉴世界核能发展大国的核废料管理经验，对我国核废料管理提出一系列的建议和对策：加快立法，设立预先管理制度、形成核废料管理的安全文化、宣传普及核知识全民共同处理体制机制、成立核废料基金管理公司、尽快落实厂址选择、加强运输管理和加快人才培养。希望通过上述建议，对我国核废料管理有所帮助。
[Abstract]:After decades of tortuous development, nuclear energy has been well utilized in many fields, especially in the field of nuclear power generation. It has solved a lot of problems for the greenhouse gas and energy shortage. But with the increasing use of nuclear energy and the number of nuclear power plants are increasing. The problem of nuclear waste disposal is becoming more and more serious. Because nuclear waste treatment is a complex system engineering. Some nuclear waste, such as high level radioactive waste or spent fuel, takes thousands or even tens of thousands of years to decay completely. Or dump it directly. As people become more aware of the potential threat of nuclear waste, they begin to seek better solutions. Based on the existing problems and dilemmas of nuclear waste disposal in China, this paper makes use of literature review and comparative study from the aspects of laws and regulations, policies and regulations, cultural awareness, popular participation, site selection and technology, etc. Based on the experience of nuclear waste management in nuclear energy developing countries in the world, this paper puts forward a series of suggestions and countermeasures for nuclear waste management in China: speeding up legislation, setting up advance management system, and forming a safety culture of nuclear waste management. It is hoped that the above proposals will be adopted by publicizing and popularizing the institutional mechanism for the common handling of nuclear knowledge, setting up a nuclear waste fund management company, implementing plant site selection as soon as possible, strengthening transportation management and speeding up personnel training. It is helpful to the management of nuclear waste in our country.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X771;F426.23

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