核能安全发展的伦理研究

发布时间：2018-01-17 14:08

本文关键词：核能安全发展的伦理研究　出处：《南京理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从核能第一次利用至今,已经跨过了半个多世纪,对它的利用已经从由军事用途逐步扩展到民用领域。在当前和平利用的情况下,核能发展给人类带来了诸多好处——高效经济地解决能源危机、快速持续地带来经济效益、深入多元地扩展科技前景以及为人类社会持续发展提供动力,但核能技术是一把双刃剑。在体现优点的同时,核物质本身安全风险、核科技本身安全风险以及核能外部安全风险也给我们敲响了警钟。从伦理学角度有必要利用其实践功能和应用功效来引导、规范人类利用核能的行为,要更安全、可持续的发展核能。正是基于此目的,本文对当前核能发展中的主要弊端：核事故,核走私,企业管理操作者缺失职业道德,核科学家不负责任的行为,放射性污染进行分析,并阐述这些弊端涉及到的伦理问题。提炼了确保核安全利用的四条核伦理原则：和平利用原则、安全无害原则、公开透明原则、利益与风险均衡原则。最后从政治、经济、文化、·科技、环境角度提出相应对策,力图在这些领域内发挥核伦理的实践功能和应用功效,确保核能技术安全利用。
[Abstract]:Since the first use of nuclear energy, more than half a century has passed, and its use has gradually expanded from military use to civilian use. The development of nuclear energy has brought a lot of benefits to human beings-to solve the energy crisis efficiently and economically, to bring economic benefits quickly and continuously, to expand the prospects of science and technology in many ways and to provide the power for the sustainable development of human society. But nuclear energy technology is a double-edged sword. At the same time, the safety risk of nuclear material itself is reflected in the advantages. The safety risk of nuclear science and technology itself and the external safety risk of nuclear energy have also sounded the alarm bell for us. It is necessary to use its practical function and application efficacy to guide and standardize the behavior of human beings to use nuclear energy from the angle of ethics. Nuclear energy should be developed more safely and sustainably. For this purpose, this paper analyzes the main drawbacks of nuclear energy development: nuclear accidents, nuclear smuggling, lack of professional ethics of enterprise management operators, irresponsible behavior of nuclear scientists, radioactive pollution. Four nuclear ethical principles to ensure nuclear safety utilization are refined: peaceful use principle, safe and harmless principle, and open and transparent principle. Finally, from the angle of politics, economy, culture, science and technology, environment, put forward the corresponding countermeasure, try to give play to the practical function and applied effect of nuclear ethics in these fields. Ensure the safe use of nuclear energy technology.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X946;F426.23;F426.61

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