群体与阶级:20世纪二三十年代武汉纱厂工人——兼论近代中国工人阶级的形成

发布时间：2018-01-19 23:00

本文关键词： 纱厂工人国民党共产党劳资关系工人阶级的形成　出处：《学术月刊》2014年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：数以万计的武汉纱厂工人,有着相似的生活方式与精神诉求,共同与工厂"规训"相抗衡,由此为中国共产党、国民党的社会动员提供可能。中共力图塑造认同"阶级斗争"的工人,"五卅"后加强对纱厂工人的动员。北伐后,在国民党左派"扶助"下、中共领导的纱厂工会向资方厉行"阶级斗争",为工人争得诸多权利。但这种政治上的权利超出资方所能承受的供给能力,致使工厂关停、市场衰乱,中共转而要求工人停止阶级斗争,国民党左派则镇压共产党及其工会,国共合作随之破裂。"宁汉合流"后,武汉党政军机关倡行劳资合作,先后对纱厂工会进行改组和整理,但未能达到预期目标,劳资双方仍是纠纷频仍。纱厂工人出于生存需求,在斗争与合作之间自行选择自己的抗争方式,缺乏阶级认同;他们虽不乏斗争性,但不能团结,缺乏自我认同。纱厂工人未能形成一个实在的阶级,而只是一个群体。中国近代工人阶级形成不是先验的理论预设,而是复杂多变的历史关系的产物。
[Abstract]:Tens of thousands of Wuhan cotton mill workers, with similar lifestyle and spiritual demands, and the factory "discipline" together to compete for the Communist Party of China. The KMT's social mobilization provided the possibility. The Chinese Communists tried to shape the workers who identified with the "class struggle." after "May 30th," they strengthened their mobilization of the textile mill workers. After the Northern Expedition, they were "supported" by the KMT's leftists. The textile mill trade union led by the Communist Party of China enforced "class struggle" against the management and won many rights for the workers. However, this political right exceeded the supply capacity that the investors could afford, resulting in the closure of the factory and the chaos of the market. The Communist Party of China instead demanded that the workers stop the class struggle, while the Kuomintang left suppressed the Communist Party and its trade unions, resulting in the breakdown of the KMT and CPC cooperation. After the "Harmony between Ning and Han dynasties", Wuhan's party, government and military organs advocated labor and management cooperation. The union of yarn mill was reorganized and arranged successively, but it failed to reach the expected goal, and the labor and management still had frequent disputes. In order to survive, the mill workers chose their own way of fighting between struggle and cooperation. Lack of class identity; Although they are not lack of fighting, they can not unite and lack self-identity. The mill workers failed to form a real class, but only a group. The formation of the working class in modern China is not a transcendental theoretical presupposition. It is the product of complex and changeable historical relationships.
【作者单位】：华中师范大学中国近代史研究所、中国商会发展协同创新中心;华中师范大学中国近代史研究所;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“民国劳资关系研究”(2009JJD770018)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F426.81;K26;C912
【正文快照】： 在以往中共党史、工运史话语中,工人总是与“阶级”和“革命”联系在一起。中共早期党员出于革命形势发展、催生革命风潮之需要,强调中国工人在“五四”后即登上革命舞台;但这一“现实”的结论,却衍生出一种影响深远的研究模式,即以“自在”向“自为”的转变作为中国工人“觉

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