我国流通领域食品安全监督管理问题的研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 03:53

本文关键词： 食品流通领域监管比例原则自由裁量权　出处：《广西师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：流通领域食品安全的监管是我国食品安全监管的组成部分,是不可或缺的环节。对该领域的食品监管如何,影响到我国食品质量的整体水平,影响到人民的身心健康和社会的稳定。流通领域有着其它领域不同的特点,对其监管也就需要不同的方式方法。对流通领域食品安全的监管研究,在我国出台了《中华人民共和国食品安全法》(以下简称《食品安全法》)加强了流通领域食品的监管。同时也有许多专家学者研究食品安全的问题,取得了一定的成果。但,对流通领域食品的监管仍需加强,从我国目前的食品安全总体状况来看,流通领域食品的监管还是一个薄弱的领域,对流通领域食品监管的理论研究还需要提高。为了对流通领域的食品进行有效的管理,改进流通食品的监管措施,减少社会对食品安全的担忧和恐慌,有必要对流通领域食品的监督管理进行探讨和研究,挖掘监管流通领域食品的新措施、新理论、新机制。本文根据流通领域的特点,从不同角度,用各种方法,对该领域的食品监督管理进行研究探讨。本文第一章,是我国流通领域食品安全的现状。在这一章里,首先回顾了我国在流通领域食品监管的立法。《食品安全法》的出台,是食品监管立法的飞跃。其次,阐明确立了专门的监管部门,由以前的各个部门的多头执法,明确了由工商行政管理部门对流通领域食品安全的专门执法。在这一章里,还阐述了当前执法的现状。最后,提出流通领域的食品安全还很严峻。本文的第二章提出了我国流通领域食品监管存在的问题,指出,流通领域监管范围的宽广和食品数量的膨大是监管的难题之一。在这一章里,还集中论述了经营者不履行查验制度和定期检查制度、各部门没能有效衔接管理、监管成本高、救济途径薄弱、执法遇到说情干扰以及执法不规范等存在的问题。这些问题是流通领域食品监管遇到的困难和阻力。本文用第三章具体论述流通领域食品监管存在问题的原因。流通领域食品监管存在问题的原因很多,本文认为主要是自由裁量权没有有效规范、经营者素质不高、利益的驱动、监管手段的低端、执法水平不高以及不安全食品的隐蔽性。在该章中,还特别阐述消费者维权力度不够和执法督察不足对流通领域食品安全造成的影响。本文的第四章为流通领域监管问题的解决和建议,也是本文的重点。在该部分,集中提出了解决我国流通领域食品安全问题的对策。针对现行法律的不足,本文提出在《食品安全法》中增设惩处“说情”的条款和增设督察条款,这是笔者的新主张。从法律上完善监管制度。在执法实践中,由于我国的历史原因和具体的国情,在查处违法行为时总遇到说情,这给执法工作带来巨大的压力,也在挑战着法律的权威。因此,笔者提出了对说情行为的制裁。另一方面,督察制度的落后,也是流通领域食品得不到良好管理的原因,因而需要在法律中予以增加明确、具体的督察条款。对自由裁量权使用不当、滥用自由裁量权的问题,本文提出用比例原则解决自由裁量权在执法中的运用,这是本文的新见解和重点论述的内容。目前,流通领域的食品监管的难点表面是对食品的风险难以控制,实质是对自由裁量权的把握和运用得不到有效解决。自由裁量权是产生效率和弊端的武器,是一把“双刃剑”。在监管流通领域食品上,要充分利用法律赋予的自由裁量权,以达到惩处违法行为的目的,同时,要防止自由裁量权被滥用,从而给监管工作带来负面影响。这就要有一个规范来指导和约束,比例原则在解决自由裁量权方面有独特的效果,笔者认为,应当大力推广比例原则在流通领域食品监管的应用。在解决流通领域的难点方面,本文还提出加大监管执法力度,建立举报网络,建立司法与行政的有效结合,保护执法人员的权益,规范执法行为以及借鉴国外有效的监管方法,等等,从而使监管方法多元化。总而言之,本文的目的就是使我国的食品更安全。在监管流通领域食品安全上,通过实施本文论述的措施和方法,特别是比例原则的贯彻与应用,将对流通领域食品安全的监管产生积极的作用,我国的食品安全将提高一个层次。
[Abstract]:The circulation of food safety supervision is a part of China's food safety regulation, is an indispensable link. How in the field of food supervision, affect the overall level of China's food quality, affect people's health and social stability. It has a circulation characteristics of the different areas of the supervision it requires different methods. Research on the supervision of food safety in the circulation field, in China promulgated the "People's Republic of China Food Safety Law (hereinafter referred to as the" food safety law ") to strengthen the supervision of the food circulation sector. There are also many experts and scholars in the study of food safety problems, and achieved certain results. But on the supervision of food circulation, still need to be strengthened, from China's current food safety overall situation, food circulation supervision is still a weak field, on the field of food circulation supervision The need to improve the theoretical research on the circulation of food. In order to carry out effective management, improve the circulation of food regulatory measures to reduce social concerns about food safety and panic, it is necessary to study on the supervision and management of food circulation, explore new measures, new food circulation supervision mechanism of the new theory.. according to the characteristics of the flow field, from different angles, using a variety of methods, to study the food supervision and management of the field.
The first chapter of this paper, is the current situation of food safety in food circulation in our country. In this chapter, firstly reviews China's legislation. The food safety law > food supervision circulation is introduced, the food supervision legislation leap. Secondly, to clarify the established specific regulatory authorities, by the various departments before long the law enforcement, the administrative department for Industry and Commerce of food safety in the circulation field of specialized law enforcement. In this chapter, it describes the current situation of law enforcement. Finally, proposed food safety circulation is still very grim.
The second chapter puts forward the existing food circulation supervision in China, pointed out that the regulation of the circulation of the broad and food quantity enlargement is one of the regulatory problem. In this chapter, it focuses on the operator fails to fulfill the inspection system and regular inspection system, each department can not effectively link management, supervision high cost, weak law enforcement remedies, and interference problems encountered for law enforcement is not standardized and so on. These problems are the supervision of food circulation difficulties and resistance.
The third chapter discusses the supervision of food circulation problems for many reasons. The supervision of food circulation problems, we believe that the main right of discretion is not effectively regulate the operators, quality is not high, driven by interests, low supervision, low level of law enforcement and security hidden in food. In this chapter, also expounded the influence of consumer rights is not enough and the law enforcement supervision caused by lack of food safety in the circulation field.
The fourth chapter is the regulation of the circulation of the solutions and suggestions, but also the focus of this article. In this part, on put forward some countermeasures to solve China's food safety circulation problems. Aiming at the shortage of existing laws, proposed in "food safety law > added" say "punishment terms and additional terms of inspectors this is a new proposition, the author. Perfect the supervision system from the law. In the practice of law enforcement, due to historical reasons and China's specific national conditions, the total encountered intercede in illegal behaviors, this brings great pressure to the work of law enforcement also challenging the authority of the law. Therefore, the author proposes to intercede the behavior of sanctions. On the other hand, supervision system is backward, the circulation of food is not good because of management, which needs to be increased clearly in the law, the specific terms of the inspector. The improper use of discretion, The abuse of discretion problem, this paper proposes the use of proportional principle to solve the discretion in law enforcement, this is the new insights and focuses on discussing the content. At present, the difficulty of surface supervision of food circulation is the risk of food is difficult to control, is the essence of discretion and grasp use are not effectively resolved. Discretion is the production efficiency and the drawbacks of the weapon, is a "double-edged sword". In the field of food circulation supervision, to make full use of the discretion conferred by law, in order to achieve the purpose of punishment of illegal behavior, at the same time, to prevent the abuse of discretion thus, brings the negative influence to the supervision work. It is necessary to have a standard to guide and constraints, the principle of proportionality has unique effect in solving the discretion the author thinks, should vigorously promote the principle of proportionality in the field of food circulation supervision should be . in solving the difficulties of circulation, this paper also proposed to increase supervision of law enforcement, the establishment of a reporting network, the establishment of an effective combination of judicial and administrative law enforcement personnel, protection of rights, standardize law enforcement and supervision of foreign reference method, effective and so on, so that the supervision method diversification.
In a word, the purpose of this paper is to make our food safer. In the supervision of food safety in food circulation, the measures and methods of implementation of this paper, especially the implementation and application of the principle of proportionality, will have a positive effect on the circulation of food safety supervision, food safety in China will increase to a higher level.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F203;F426.82;F724

【共引文献】