跨国公司对中国汽车产业集群的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 04:05

  本文关键词： 跨国公司 产业集群 中国汽车　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：产业集群现象由来已久，国内外研究者的研究重点一直放在中小企业集群上。然而，近些年来，随着经济全球化和区域一体化的发展，集群区域不再是封闭性的地方体系，跨国公司作为世界经济活动的重要组织者，是集群区域和外界联系的纽带。中国汽车产业集群的形成和发展同样与跨国公司的作用机制密不可分。跨国汽车公司以合资或独资的方式参与到中国不同区位汽车产业的发展中来，为汽车产业引入了大量的资本、人才、技术知识和管理经验，带动了上下游企业的协同发展，促进了产业规模、产品体系、市场竞争格局的优化升级；同时，由于跨国公司的整体战略是基于全球化的发展视角，有时会置中方利益于不顾，牢牢把控核心技术和市场，使中国汽车企业在竞争中处于不利地位。因此，中国汽车产业集群应该正视跨国公司正反两方面的影响，在积极引导跨国公司来华投资建厂、谋求合作共进的同时，加强对引进技术的消化吸收，在与跨国公司的合作与竞争中占据主动地位，走出一条适合自身良性发展的正确道路。 在借鉴了国内外相关研究的基础上，本文将理论问题和实际情况相结合，分为五个部分系统阐述了跨国公司对中国汽车产业集群的影响机制。 第一部分是跨国公司对东道国产业集群影响的理论分析。作者从产业集群和跨国公司两个角度来分析这种影响。一方面，对产业集群而言，产业集群的不同发展阶段和不同类型呈现出不同特点，跨国公司的作用机制也有所不同；另一方面，对跨国公司而言，跨国公司所采取的战略动机和进入方式的不同，同样会对产业集群产生区别性的作用机制。这一部分的分析是后文探讨实际问题的理论基础。 第二部分是跨国公司对中国汽车产业集群的进入情况分析。首先是对中国汽车产业集群的发展现状及特点的介绍，指出了中国汽车产业集群的阶段性和类型性特点；然后系统分析了跨国公司的进入情况，总结出了跨国汽车公司在华的战略动机与进入方式选择。这一部分与上一部分的理论分析相互呼应，为后文具体研究跨国公司对中国汽车产业集群的影响机制提供了重要依据。 第三部分和第四部分是跨国公司对中国汽车产业集群的影响情况分析。作者从正面影响、负面影响两方面分别予以阐释。第三部分从三个方面深入浅出地分析了跨国公司对中国汽车产业集群的正面影响：一是跨国公司通过自身的示范带动作用，为中国汽车产业集群的要素集聚和产业联动提供动力；二是跨国公司发挥技术外溢作用，带动中国汽车产业集群的技术进步和科研能力的提高；三是跨国公司助力于产业结构调整，提升了中国汽车产业集群的规模效应，完善了其产品结构、车型体系并优化了其市场竞争格局。接下来，第四部分列举了跨国公司对中国汽车产业集群的负面影响，一是跨国公司对核心技术的控制限制了中国汽车产业集群的技术进步；二是跨国公司对合资企业决策权的控制使中国汽车产业集群在合资企业中陷入被动地位；三是跨国公司对汽车市场份额和利润的控制挤占了中国汽车产业集群的发展空间。这两部分的研究为下一部分中国汽车产业集群的路径选择提供了有益的参考。 第五部分是结论和政策建议。作者首先总结全篇，然后对中国汽车产业集群的发展给出了四个方面的建议：包括改善投资环境、按照产业集群的思路利用外资、加强汽车集团的推动作用以及提升自主研发能力和核心竞争力。这一部分的研究为中国汽车产业集群的发展提出了有针对性的方案，具有一定的指导意义。 本文的创新之处体现在：第一，引入跨国公司这个研究对象来分析产业集群问题，视角新颖；第二，从产业集群角度和跨国公司角度两方面出发，分析跨国公司对产业集群的影响，理论分析系统且全面；第三，理论与实践相结合，根据中国汽车产业集群的具体情况，，有针对性地提出了中国汽车产业集群发展的政策建议，具有指导意义。 本文的不足之处体现在：第一，本文以定性分析为主，定量分析较少，对问题的研究不够深入；第二，在运用数据和资料分析实际问题时，由于条件有限，搜集的数据和资料不够全面。
[Abstract]:Industrial cluster is a long-standing phenomenon, the research focus of domestic and foreign researchers have been placed in the cluster of small and medium enterprises. However, in recent years, with the development of economic globalization and regional integration, cluster region is no longer closed system, multinational companies as an important organizer of world economic activities, is the link of clusters and the outside world are inseparable. The mechanism of formation and development of China automobile industry cluster as transnational corporations. Multinational auto companies to joint ventures to participate in the development of automobile industry in China different location, the introduction of a large number of capital, for the automotive industry talent, technical knowledge and management experience, promote coordinated development of the upstream and downstream enterprises, promote the scale of the industry, product system, optimization and upgrading of the market competition pattern; at the same time, due to the overall strategy of transnational corporation is based on the globalization From the perspective of development, sometimes ignore China's interests, firmly in control of core technology and market, the China automobile enterprises at a disadvantage in the competition. Therefore, Chinese automobile industry cluster should face two effects of multinational companies and, in actively guide the investment of multinational companies in China and build factories, to seek cooperation together at the same time, to strengthen the absorption of the imported technologies, occupy the active position in the competition and cooperation with multinational corporations, find out a right way for its healthy development.
On the basis of related research both at home and abroad, this paper combines theory with practice and divides into five parts. It systematically expounds the influence mechanism of multinational corporations on China's automobile industry cluster.
The first part is the analysis on the influence of host industry cluster of multinational corporations. The author theory from two angles of industrial clusters and multinational corporations to analyze this effect. On the one hand, the industrial clusters, industrial clusters in different development stages and different types have different characteristics, the mechanism of multinational companies are different; the other for multinational companies, multinational corporations have taken Strategic Motives and entry modes are different, the same mechanism will produce the difference of industrial cluster analysis. This part is the theoretical foundation of practical problems.
The second part is the analysis of MNCs' entry to Chinese automobile industry. The first is the development status and characteristics of China automobile industry cluster introduction, pointed out the stages and types of characteristics of Chinese automobile industry cluster; then the systematic analysis of the entry of multinational companies, summed up the Strategic Motives of multinational auto companies in China and the entry mode. This part with the theoretical analysis on the part of the interaction, provides an important basis for the mechanism of the effect of the specific study of transnational corporations on China automobile industry cluster.
The third part and the fourth part is the analysis of MNCs' influences on China automobile industry cluster. From the positive influence, explain respectively two negative effects. The third part from three aspects analyzes the positive influence of transnational corporations on China automobile industry cluster: one is the multinational companies through the demonstration effect of the offer power for the agglomeration China automobile industry cluster and industry linkage; two transnational corporations play technologyspillover effect, promote technological progress and scientific research ability of Chinese automobile industry cluster to improve; three multinational corporations, help in the adjustment of industrial structure, enhance the scale effect of Chinese automobile industry cluster, improve the product structure, system models and optimize the market structure. Then, the fourth part lists the negative impact of transnational corporations on Chinese automobile industry cluster 鍝

本文编号：1467516