中英电力体制改革比较分析

发布时间：2018-02-11 17:27

本文关键词： 电力体制改革垄断定价监管　出处：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：电力行业由于其特殊的属性,在过去一直被认为是自然垄断行业,所以世界各国原来一直对其实施垂直一体化的垄断经营。然而,随着市场经济的发展,人们慢慢认识到,电力行业只有在输电和配电这两个环节具有自然垄断的特征,而在发电和售电的环节不具有自然垄断性,应该引入竞争机制。新中国成立以来,中国的电力行业通过几十年的发展,取得了举世瞩目的成绩。但是我国电力随着我国经济的发展,垄断式的电力发展模式已经越来越不能适应现在当今社会经济发展的需求,所以电力体制改革的呼声在近几年越来越强烈。因此,在电力行业发展的同时,我国的电力行业也在进行着不断的改革。直到2002年4月,国务院制定了电力体制改革方案,希望打破电力行业的垄断,引入竞争,对电力行业进行了拆分。把发电企业拆分成5家发电公司,把电网按区域拆分成国家电网和南方电网,然后又按区域再拆分成多个区域电网公司。同时,把电网、发电和辅业切割,成立了四大辅业集团公司,同时成立国家电力监管委员会,形成电力行业的新格局。但是从目前看,电力行业仍存在很多困难,比如电价的不合理,电力监管的混乱,电力体制改革过程中法律的不健全等等。英国是最早进行电力体制改革的国家,也是目前电力体制改革比较成功的发达国家。如何从本国国情出发,借鉴英国电力体制改革的成功经验,更加有效的改革,促进电力行业健康发展是本文探讨的重点。本文主要分为5个部分。第一章是绪论,对我国电力体制改革的背景进行介绍,然后在研究动态部分,对国内外电力体制改革的研究做简单的分析,介绍国内外专家学者的研究成果,同时对其进行简要的评价。第二章介绍我国电力体制改革的历程,对目前我国电力体制改革的现状进行分析。着重分析我国电力行业的发电、输电、配电和售电4个方面。指出在发电侧和售电侧需要引入竞争的必要性。同时指出改革中电力市场化进展缓慢,电力企业竞争力不强,电力监管不到位等问题。第三章简单介绍英国电力体制改革的过程,提出其改革中出现的问题和目前取得的成绩。英国已经经历3次电力体制改革,分别是电力库模式、新电力交易制度、电力交易和传输机制模式以及在准备中第4次改革。英国的电力体制改革过程将是我国电力体制改革的一个很好的学习经历。第四章,通过对前两章中英两国电力体制改革的分析,比较中英两国电力体制改革的背景,电力体制改革的模式,电价的定位方式,电力的监管以及法律的支撑等方面,指出困扰中国电力体制改革的因素和我国电力体制改革应该如何改进。第五章,对我国电力体制改革提出几点建议。最后,在文章结尾部分对本文做简要总结,指出本人的研究工作的作用和意义,同时指明文章中存在的局限性和需要改进的地方。
[Abstract]:The electric power industry has been regarded as a natural monopoly industry in the past because of its special attribute. Therefore, the countries all over the world have been implementing vertical integration monopoly management. However, with the development of market economy, people gradually realize that, The electric power industry only has the characteristics of natural monopoly in the transmission and distribution links, but not in the power generation and electricity sale links, so the competitive mechanism should be introduced. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's electric power industry has made remarkable achievements through decades of development. However, with the development of China's economy, The monopolistic mode of electric power development has become more and more unable to meet the needs of today's social and economic development, so the voice of electric power system reform has become more and more intense in recent years. Therefore, while the electric power industry is developing, In April 2002, the State Council formulated a plan for the reform of the power system, hoping to break the monopoly of the power industry and introduce competition. The power industry has been split up. The power generation enterprises have been divided into five power companies, the power grid has been divided into the State Grid and the Southern Power Grid by region, and then divided into several regional grid companies by region. At the same time, the power grid has been divided into a number of regional grid companies. Power generation and auxiliary cutting, the establishment of four major auxiliary industry group companies, at the same time set up a national electricity regulatory committee, forming a new pattern of the power industry. However, at present, there are still many difficulties in the power industry, such as the unreasonable price of electricity, the confusion of electricity regulation, the imperfection of laws in the process of reforming the power system, and so on. Britain was the first country to carry out the reform of the power system. It is also a successful developed country to reform the electric power system at present. How to draw lessons from the successful experience of the reform of the electric power system in Britain, and how to promote the healthy development of the electric power industry is the key point of this paper. This paper is divided into five parts. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background of the electric power system reform in our country, then in the research dynamic part, it makes a simple analysis to the domestic and foreign electric power system reform research, introduces the domestic and foreign experts and scholars' research results. At the same time, it is evaluated briefly. The second chapter introduces the history of China's electric power system reform, analyzes the current situation of China's electric power system reform, and focuses on the analysis of power generation and transmission in China's electric power industry. This paper points out the necessity of introducing competition into the generation side and the selling side, and points out that the power market progress is slow in the reform, the competitiveness of the power enterprise is not strong, and the electricity supervision is not in place. The third chapter briefly introduces the process of the reform of the British electricity system, and points out the problems and achievements in the reform. The UK has experienced three times of the reform of the power system, namely, the electricity storage model, the new electricity trading system. The mode of electricity trading and transmission mechanism and the fourth reform in preparation. The reform process of power system in Britain will be a good learning experience for the reform of power system in our country. Chapter 4th, through the analysis of the former two chapters of the power system reform in China and Britain, compares the background of the power system reform between China and the United Kingdom, the mode of the power system reform, the positioning mode of the electricity price, the supervision of electricity and the support of the law, and so on. This paper points out the factors puzzling the reform of China's electric power system and how to improve the reform of China's electric power system. Chapter 5th puts forward some suggestions on the reform of electric power system in our country. Finally, in the end of the article, I make a brief summary of this paper, and point out the function and significance of my research work. At the same time, points out the limitations of the article and the need for improvement.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.61;F456.1

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