建筑业信用问题及信用体系的研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 00:30

本文选题：建筑业　切入点：信用　出处：《华南理工大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：信用是现代市场经济的生命，，是市场经济正常运行的基础。建筑业作为一个重要产业，对整个国民经济起到至关重要的作用。目前建筑业的信用存在的一些问题，究其原因可以归纳为市场主体的失信，这些问题直接制约着整个产业的发展质量。失信行为扰乱了建筑市场的经济秩序，增加了企业的运营成本，也降低了我国建筑企业的竞争力，对国民经济和社会的健康发展起到负面影响。本文选择建筑业的信用作为研究对象，归纳整理相关理论，提出信用的内涵应满足履约和合规两方面的要求。对建筑市场中失信问题采用李克特量表法进行问卷调查，并对结果进行统计分析，发现建设单位主要的信用问题包括招标违规和拖欠工程款；勘察设计单位主要的信用问题包括企业资质造假和勘察设计质量低下；工程承包商主要的信用问题包括企业资质造假、投标违规、违法分包转包、工程质量低下、施工安全管理不善等；监理单位主要的信用问题为监理人员素质不能满足要求等。而造成建筑业信用问题的原因主要是行业信用制度约束不足、企业资质管理制度存在缺陷、建筑市场竞争失衡、社会信用意识薄弱和社会教育不足等。我国现阶段建筑业信用体系的建设存在不足，包括未建立系统的法律法规体系、信用信息体系提供的信息质量不高、信用评价体系缺乏统一性、评价方法不合理、评价对象存在局限性等问题，这些不足制约着管理部门的信用监管作用的发挥。对于信用监管的重要工具——信用信息平台，本文通过对比分析国外信用信息体系的模式和适用条件，提出现阶段我国建筑业信用信息体系建设应以政府为主导。为了客观准确反映市场主体的信用状况，本文以工程承包商为例，使用信用能力和信用行为两类评价要素，采用层次分析法构建信用评价指标体系。构建结果表明，工程质量缺陷、不按图施工、发生工程安全事故、资质造假、拖欠工人工资等指标在信用评价时占据较为重要的地位。最后对建筑业的信用建设提出建议。政府管理部门，应进一步健全系统的信用法律法规体系、信用信息体系和信用监管体系，积极培育信用服务组织。除此之外，还应完善原有的建筑市场管理制度，包括企业资质管理制度、从业人员执业资格管理制度、工程招投标制度；建筑企业，应加强企业的信用管理，包括对交易伙伴的信用评价、信用风险控制和自身的信用管理；对于社会而言，家庭、学校、社会、职业应从各方面加强对社会成员的信用教育，建立诚实守信的社会环境。
[Abstract]:Credit is the life of the modern market economy and the basis for the normal operation of the market economy. As an important industry, the construction industry plays a vital role in the whole national economy. At present, there are some problems in the credit of the construction industry. These problems directly restrict the development quality of the whole industry. The discredit behavior disturbs the economic order of the construction market and increases the operating cost of the enterprise. It also reduces the competitiveness of Chinese construction enterprises and has a negative impact on the healthy development of national economy and society. This paper chooses the credit of the construction industry as the research object, sums up the relevant theories, and puts forward that the connotation of the credit should meet the requirements of performance and compliance. Through statistical analysis of the results, it is found that the main credit problems of the construction units include the illegal bidding and defaulting on the project funds, the main credit problems of the survey and design units include the false qualification of the enterprises and the low quality of the survey and design. The main credit problems of project contractor include enterprise qualification fraud, bidding violation, illegal subcontracting, low project quality, poor construction safety management and so on. The main credit problems of supervision units are that the quality of supervisors can not meet the requirements, and the main reasons for the credit problems in construction industry are the insufficient constraints of the industry credit system, the defects in the enterprise qualification management system, and the imbalance in the competition in the construction market. The social credit consciousness is weak and the social education is insufficient. At present, the construction of credit system of construction industry in our country is deficient, including not establishing a systematic system of laws and regulations, the quality of information provided by credit information system is not high, the credit evaluation system lacks of unity, and the evaluation method is unreasonable. There are some problems in the evaluation object, such as limitations, which restrict the function of credit supervision of management department. For the important tool of credit supervision, credit information platform, By comparing and analyzing the models and applicable conditions of foreign credit information system, this paper puts forward that the construction of credit information system of construction industry in our country should be dominated by the government at present. In order to objectively and accurately reflect the credit status of the main body of the market, this paper takes the project contractor as an example, uses the credit ability and the credit behavior two kinds of evaluation elements, uses the analytic hierarchy process to construct the credit appraisal index system. Engineering quality defects, construction not according to drawings, engineering safety accidents, false qualifications, workers' salary arrears and other indicators occupy a more important position in credit evaluation. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the credit construction of the construction industry. Government management departments should further improve the system of credit laws and regulations, credit information system and credit supervision system, and actively cultivate credit service organizations. We should also improve the original construction market management system, including the enterprise qualification management system, the professional qualification management system, the project bidding system, and the construction enterprise, should strengthen the credit management of the enterprise, including the credit evaluation of the trading partner, To the society, family, school, society and profession should strengthen the credit education to the members of the society from all aspects, and establish the social environment of honesty and trustworthiness.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.92

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