中国木质林产品受低碳壁垒影响的经济效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 07:23

本文选题：低碳壁垒　切入点：木质林产品　出处：《江西财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在当前全球气候变暖引起的环境问题日益受到人们重视的同时，森林作为减缓全球气候变暖的重要载体，也在日益受到社会的广泛关注。环境保护主义者主张通过采取一系列贸易保护的措施来达到环境保护的目的，维护人类社会的可持续发展。但随着贸易自由化的深入发展，关税壁垒不断降低、传统非关税壁垒受到严格限制，所以一些以环境保护为由采取的贸易限制措施就逐渐演变成为贸易的新壁垒，这些措施对林产品贸易正在产生重大而深远的影响。近些年来，中国由一个林产品贸易的小国上升为世界林产品贸易第二大国，在世界林产品贸易中扮演重要的角色，但中国林产品出口屡屡受到各国贸易保护措施的阻碍。尽管这些年，中国不断给予林产品出口企业鼓励和优惠政策，诸如减免和降低了大部分林产品出口关税和提高了林产品的出口退税等，但是诸如森林认证，雷斯法案等相关标准的不断出台和提高，抬高了林产品贸易企业的出口成本，对这些企业的生存和发展构成巨大的威胁。本文从应对全球气候变化的行动、森林的碳汇作用这一背景梳理了低碳壁垒的主要内容，并对这些壁垒在WTO规则下的合法性进行了探讨，同时阐述了其对世界林产品贸易的影响。在此基础上，从静态和动态效应两个角度，深入探讨了这些壁垒对中国木质林产品出口的影响。从静态看，发达国家实施的低碳壁垒会从价格和数量以及社会福利三个方面对中国木质林产品出口形成了控制效应。从动态看，采取有关的低碳贸易壁垒实质上是一个动态的博弈过程，中国林产品出口时面临发达国家技术壁垒不断提高的威胁，突破和跨越的主要途径，就是要不断加强技术创新，，不断创造出高科技含量和附加值的产品，缩小与发达国家技术差距，培养林产品的国际竞争优势。本文还选取美国甲醛释放量标准作为衡量低碳贸易壁垒的标准，定量分析了美国甲醛释放量标准的提高对中国人造板出口的影响，认为，美国的贸易措施对中国人造板出口产生了严重的抑制作用，从而证明动态影响的存在。最后，本文力求从政府和企业两个层面，提供解决和应对国外林业低碳壁垒的可行性策略。
[Abstract]:The environmental problems caused by the current global warming is increasingly paid attention to at the same time, the forest as an important carrier to slow global warming, but also in the increasingly widespread concern in society. Environmentalists claim by taking a series of trade protection measures to achieve the purpose of environmental protection, maintaining the sustainable development of human society. But with the the further development of trade liberalization, tariff barriers continue to decrease, the traditional non-tariff barriers are strictly limited, so some take the reason of environmental protection trade restrictions have evolved into new barriers to trade, these measures are to have a far-reaching impact on forest products trade.
In recent years, Chinese rose from a small country of trade in forest products trade of forest products in second world country, play an important role in the world trade in forest products, but China exports of forest products is often subject to national trade protection measures which. Although these years, Chinese constantly to forest products export enterprises to encourage and preferential policies, such as relief and reduce export tariffs for most forest products and improve the forest products export tax rebate, but such as forest certification, Lacey Act and other relevant standards has been introduced and improved, raise the forest products trade enterprises export cost, the survival and development of these enterprises pose a huge threat.
This article from the action of climate change, forest carbon sink this background, summarizes the main content of low carbon barriers, and the legitimacy of these barriers under the rules of WTO are discussed, and expounds its influence on world trade in forest products. On this basis, from two aspects of static and dynamic effect and discusses the effects of these barriers on China wood forest product exports. From the view of static state, low carbon barriers implemented in developed countries from the price and quantity as well as the social welfare in three aspects on the export of Chinese wood products formed a control effect. From a dynamic perspective, take the essence of low carbon trade barrier on the game process a dynamic, technical barriers of developed countries face the increasing threat Chinese forest products exports, the main way to breakthrough and leap, is to continue to strengthen technological innovation, continue to create high technology content The amount and value-added products, narrow the technology gap with developed countries, cultivation of forest products international competitive advantage. This paper also select the formaldehyde emission standards as a measure of the low carbon trade barrier standards, analyze the influence of the United States, formaldehyde emission standards to improve the export of Chinese wood-based panels that are exported to the United States trade measures the Chinese panel inhibited serious, which proves that the dynamic effect exists. Finally, this article from the two levels of government and enterprises, provide the feasible strategy to solve and deal with foreign forestry low carbon barriers.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752.02;F426.88

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