传统与现代的主辅合力:从冀中定县看近代中国家庭手工业之存续

发布时间：2018-04-02 00:18

本文选题：定县　切入点：手工业　出处：《中国经济史研究》2014年04期

【摘要】：近代冀中定县家庭手工业的历史表明,手工业存续之原因,既有传统因素的惯性,也有现代因素的刺激,但以传统力量为主,现代因素是在配合传统力量中发挥作用的。最根本的原动力,自古皆然,即以手工业补农业之不足,维持农家生计。但要实现这个原动力,还需要农家自身和外部社会条件的支持:其一,历史传承、农闲时间和机会成本低一直是家庭手工业存在的传统力量,使得农闲不闲,从而缓解或解决了农业劳动力剩余问题。其二,手工业原料来源扩大,既有传统原料,又有现代原料,但以传统原料为主。现代机纱原料的供给,对手工织布是一个促进,反映出机器工业与手工业的相互依存、相互促进关系。其三,手工业工具也以传统为主,但有些手工行业尤其是改良布机的大量使用,使得织布户扩大商品生产成为可能。其四,广阔的销售市场更是手工业存续的重要前提。尽管洋货进口和本国机器工业品的销售越来越多,但仍远不能满足广大民众的消费需求,没有也不可能替代农村手工业。不可否认,有的手工业的生产有过波动甚至衰落,但原因非常复杂,既有机器工业品的排挤,更有传统因素的影响,不能无限夸大洋货的冲击,更不能因此而否定手工业的地位和作用。
[Abstract]:The modern cottage industry in Dingxian history indicates that the reason of handicraft industry continued, both traditional factors and modern factors of inertia, stimulation, but the traditional power, modern factors are in line with the traditional play a role in power. The most fundamental driving force, since ancient times, the handicraft industry make agriculture inadequate to maintain livelihoods. Farm but to achieve this motive, also need to farm their internal and external social conditions support: first, historical heritage, the slack time and the opportunity cost of low power has been the traditional family handicraft industry, the slack is not idle, so as to alleviate or solve the problem of agricultural surplus labor force. Second, expand the source of raw materials industry, both traditional and modern materials, raw materials, but the traditional raw materials. Modern machine yarn supply on hand weaving is a promotion, reflect industry and machine industry interdependence Deposit, mutual promotion relationship. Thirdly, based on the traditional handicraft tools, but some handicraft industry especially extensive use of improved cloth machine, makes the weaving households expanding commodity production possible. Fourth, the broad market is an important prerequisite for the existence of handicraft industry. Although sales more and more imported goods and domestic machine industry products, but still can not meet the people's consumption demand, could not replace the rural handicraft industry. It is undeniable that some handicraft production there have been fluctuations and even decline, but the reason is very complex, out of both the machine industry products, and effects of traditional factors, not exaggerating the impact of imported goods more. We can't deny the status and role of the handicraft industry.

【作者单位】：南开大学历史学院暨中国社会史研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目《民国日常生活》(13JJD770017)的中期成果之一
【分类号】：F429

【相似文献】