国际海洋油气资源合作开发模式及风险因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-02 11:01

本文选题：海洋油气 + 合作开发　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着石油工业不断发展,海洋油气开发已经迈向深海,国际油气合作项目不断增多。世界上,许多大型的综合一体化石油公司因为拥有先进的技术、雄厚的资金、完善发达的管理体系纷纷跨越国门,进行跨国经营。许多海洋油气资源丰富的发展中国家,因为技术、资金等方面的不足,不断引进外资,进行本国油气资源的合作开发。国际海洋油气合作开发,是一项高投入、高收益、高风险的跨国经营活动,外国石油公司与资源国合作模式众多,由于是跨国经营,外国石油公司面对的不确定因素很多,对外国石油公司在开发过程中所面临的外部风险和内部风险因素研究变得更加重要。近年来,我国三大石油公司不断实施“走出去”发展战略,国际投资不断增加,海外投资项目逐渐增多。但我国三大石油公司由于起步比较晚,同世界先进的石油公司相比,还处于国际化经营的初级阶段,在技术、合作模式选择、议价能力、应对风险方面还有待提高。南海局势日趋紧张,许多专家学者认为我国在南海的开发局面很大程度上与我国的海洋油气资源开发缓慢有关,通过研究,世界上许多国家采用共同开发的模式对争议海域的油气资源进行开发。本文通过理论与实证相结合的方法,首先对当今世界海洋油气资源的合作开发模式进行分析,总结出当今世界现存的合作模式有租让制合同、产品分成合同、服务合同、回购合同、联合经营等,并对每种开发模式的权力分配、风险分担等进行比较研究。进而又对世界上争议海域的合作开发模式进行了分析,总结出了共同开发的管理模式和共同开发的合同模式,管理模式有代理制模式、强制合资模式和超国家管理模式等,共同开发的合同模式和无争议海域的合同模式基本一致。具体到石油合同,本文总结了国际石油合同条款包括经济条款、法律条款和财税条款,并逐一进行论述分析。钎对海洋油气开发的风险管理,本文首先列举了在海洋油气合作开发中风险识别的几种方法,然后分析了在开发经营过程中可能存在的风险类型,总结出了在海洋油气开发过程中,所可能存在的15中风险类型,即政治风险、法律风险、社会风险、地质风险、市场风险、汇率风险、文化风险、经济风险、合同风险、财务风险、竞争风险、HSE风险、管理风险、人员素质风险、技术风险。进而利用解释结构模型对每种因素之间的关系进行层次分析。针对单一风险的分析,由于风险具有很强的模糊性,本文在数据有限的情况下,采用中石油2000-2011年HSE管理方面的相关数据,采用定量分析的方法,利用一元线性回归模型,对中石油在开发经营过程中的HSE风险进行分析,得出了中石油在安全、健康、环境等方面的指标和总营业额的关系,即总事故率、污染物排放量和职业健康体检率确实存在一定的关系,进而分析提出相关政策建议。文章最后对在海洋油气开发过程中,可能存在的其他风险因素,提出了相关控制策略。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the petroleum industry, the development of marine oil and gas has moved into the deep sea, and the international oil and gas cooperation projects are increasing. In the world, many large comprehensive integrated oil companies have crossed the country gate and carry out transnational operation because of their advanced technology, abundant funds and developed management systems. Many marine oil and gas resources are rich. In developing countries, foreign oil and gas cooperation and development are a high investment, high profit and high risk transnational operation, and the cooperation of foreign oil companies and resource countries is numerous, because it is transnational operation, foreign oil companies face the problem of cooperation and development of international marine oil and gas. There are many uncertainties. It is more important to study the external risks and internal risk factors faced by foreign oil companies in the development process.
In recent years, the three major oil companies in China have continuously implemented "going out" development strategy, increasing international investment and increasing overseas investment projects. However, the three major oil companies in China are still in the primary stage of international operation compared with the advanced oil companies in the world because of the late start, and in technology, cooperation mode selection and bargaining power, In the South China Sea, many experts and scholars believe that the development situation of China in the South China Sea is largely related to the slow development of marine oil and gas resources in China. Through research, many countries in the world have adopted the model of common development to develop oil and gas resources in the disputed sea area.
Through the combination of theory and empirical method, this paper first analyzes the cooperative development model of marine oil and gas resources in the world, and concludes that the existing modes of cooperation in the world are lease contract, product contract, service contract, repurchase contract, joint operation and so on, and the distribution of power and risk sharing for each development model. It also analyzes the cooperative development model of the disputed sea area in the world, and summarizes the management mode of common development and the contract mode of common development, the mode of agency system of management, the compulsory joint venture mode and the super state management mode, and the contract mode and the contract mode of the undisputed sea area together. In line with the oil contract, this article summarizes the terms of the international oil contract including economic terms, legal provisions and tax provisions, and analyzes them one by one.
For the risk management of the development of marine oil and gas, this paper first enumerates several methods of risk identification in the cooperative development of marine oil and gas, and then analyses the possible types of risk in the process of development and management.
In the process of marine oil and gas development, 15 possible types of risk are possible, namely, political risk, legal risk, social risk, geological risk, market risk, exchange rate risk, cultural risk, economic risk, contract risk, financial risk, competitive risk, HSE risk, management risk, personnel quality risk, technical risk, and then use interpretation structure model. According to the analysis of the relationship between each factor, for the analysis of the single risk, because of the strong fuzziness of the risk, this paper, under the limited data of the data, adopts the relevant data of the 2000-2011 year HSE management of China Petroleum, and uses the quantitative analysis method and uses the linear regression model to develop the Chinese petroleum in the process of development and management. In the analysis of the risk of HSE, the relationship between the index and the total turnover in the safety, health and environment of China Petroleum, that is, the total accident rate, the emission of pollutants and the occupational health examination rate, is really related, and then the relevant policy suggestions are put forward. His risk factors put forward the related control strategy.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F416.22;F426.22

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