需求响应机制下电动汽车充放电策略及电价研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 09:14

本文选题：电动汽车 + 有序充放电　；参考：《华北电力大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：电动汽车的能量来源是电力,相比燃油汽车的高污染、高能耗,电动汽车具有噪声低能效高,无污染物排放等特点,还在节能、环保和清洁等方面具有明显的优势。因此电动汽车的发展具有广阔前景和重要的意义,它的大规模应用被视为缓解能源紧缺和大气环境污染最有效方式之一。电动汽车能够促进低碳经济实现,这种类型的新能源汽车是汽车产业发展的必然趋势。电动汽车的出现会给电力系统带来挑战和机遇。电动汽车的充放电行为具有随机性,如果大量电动汽车进行无序充放电,会显著增大配电系统的网损。需要对电动汽车的充放电行为进行协调优化,分析其充放电策略,减少电动汽车充放电给电网造成的影响。由于充放电行为完全从属于用户的意愿,常规的调度手段难以进行充放电控制。利用需求响应机制,采取价格杠杆,可以激励用户主动对电动汽车的充放电负荷进行有效管理。在一定程度上可以有效的引导电动汽车充放电,减小对电力系统的影响,节约充电成本,有效提高电网的运行效率。本文先分析电动汽车充放电行为,概述电动汽车充电的模式、电动汽车充电设施,分析比较不同充放电策略。在此基础上,建立了以电网负荷波动最小和电动汽车用户是使用成本最小为目标,并设置用户充放电时间、电池容量、充放电汽车数量等为约束条件的电动汽车充放电的电价模型。并以某地的负荷数据和比亚迪e6为例进行仿真验证,结果表明采用峰谷分时电价,能够引导电动汽车用户合理安排其充放电行为,降低电动汽车使用成本,使得电动汽车对电网造成的影响最小。最后根据我国电动汽车发展现状和现有政策,提出发展建议。
[Abstract]:The energy source of the electric vehicle is power. Compared with the high pollution, high energy consumption, high energy consumption, low energy efficiency and no pollutant discharge, the electric vehicle has obvious advantages in energy saving, environmental protection and cleaning. Therefore, the development of electric vehicles has broad prospects and important significance, and its large-scale application is considered to be slow. One of the most effective ways to solve the shortage of energy and the pollution of the atmosphere. Electric vehicles can promote the realization of low carbon economy. This kind of new energy vehicle is the inevitable trend of the development of the automobile industry. The emergence of electric vehicles will bring challenges and opportunities to the power system. The charge and discharge behavior of electric vehicles is random, if a large number of electric vehicles are used. The disordered charge and discharge will significantly increase the network loss of the distribution system. It is necessary to coordinate and optimize the charging and discharging behavior of the electric vehicle, analyze its charge and discharge strategy and reduce the influence of electric vehicle charging and discharging to the power grid. Because the charge discharge behavior is completely from the user's will, the conventional method is difficult to carry out charge and discharge control. The use of demand response mechanism and price lever can encourage users to actively manage the charge and discharge load of electric vehicles. To a certain extent, it can effectively guide electric vehicles charging and discharge, reduce the impact on the power system, save charge cost, and effectively improve the operation efficiency of electric network. This paper first analyzes the charge and discharge of electric vehicles. Behavior, an overview of electric vehicle charging mode, electric vehicle charging facilities, analysis and comparison of different charging and discharging strategies, based on this, the establishment of the minimum load fluctuation of power grid and the minimum use cost of electric vehicle users as the target, and set up the charging and discharging time, battery capacity, charge and discharge of the car number and other constraints of electric steam. The electric price model of vehicle charging and discharging is simulated with the load data of a certain area and BYD E6 as an example. The results show that the use of peak and valley time price can guide electric vehicle users to arrange their charge and discharge reasonably, reduce the use cost of electric vehicles and make the electric vehicles have the smallest influence on the electric network. Finally, the electric vehicle is based on the electric steam of our country. The development status and existing policies of vehicles are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.72;F426.471

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