环境约束下火电行业能源效率及影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 05:24

【摘要】：“节能减排”是我国“十二五”规划的重要议题，也是应对全球气候变化的迫切需要。火力发电作为中国电力供应的主要来源，不仅需要消耗大量的煤炭等不可再生能源，并且其生产伴随着各种污染，是二氧化硫及二氧化碳的最大排放源，属于典型的“高能耗、高污染”行业，火电行业因而成为国家实施节能减排的重点领域。因此，客观、准确测算我国火电行业能源效率、评价其变动趋势、分析火电行业能源效率的地区差异及影响因素，不仅可以准确把脉我国火电行业能源效率现状，对提升火电行业能源效率提供有价值的政策建议，而且对推进全国“节能减排”目标、实现经济社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文在系统分析国内外学者在能源效率领域取得的研究成果的基础上，基于全要素能源效率的概念框架，借鉴基于松弛的非径向、非角度的SBM模型和Luenberger生产率指数，对2000-2010年中国30个省份火电行业能源效率进行了静态测算和动态分解，在此基础上进一步构建计量经济模型分析了火电行业能源效率的影响因素。结果表明，环境约束下的全要素能源综合效率明显低于不考虑环境约束的情况，说明环境的过度污染对中国火电生产效率造成了损失；环境约束下火电行业能源效率存在地区差异,东部效率值要明显高于中西部效率值；具体从各省来看，火电行业全要素能源综合效率较高的省份主要集中在沿海地区，而效率较低的省份主要分布在中西部地区。从无效率的分解角度看，二氧化硫无效率是环境约束下能源无效率的最主要来源，产出无效率则对环境无效率没有贡献，不是环境约束下能源无效率的来源。对能源效率的动态分析中，我们发现技术进步水平的高低对中国火电行业生产率增长有着重要影响。对能源效率影响因素的研究中发现，燃煤效率、机组容量利用率、技术进步对环境约束下火电能源效率有显著正向影响；能源价格对火电行业能源效率有显著负向影响；环境规制也对环境约束下火电能源效率有正向影响，但不是主要影响因素；从分地区检验结果看，不同地区的影响因素不尽相同。
[Abstract]:Energy saving and emission reduction is an important issue in China's 12th Five-Year Plan and an urgent need to cope with global climate change. Thermal power generation, as the main source of power supply in China, not only needs to consume a lot of non-renewable energy such as coal, but also its production is accompanied by various kinds of pollution, it is the largest emission source of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, and it belongs to the typical "high energy consumption". High pollution industry, thermal power industry has become the key area of energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, objectively and accurately measuring the energy efficiency of thermal power industry in China, evaluating its changing trend, analyzing the regional differences and influencing factors of energy efficiency in thermal power industry, can not only accurately examine the current situation of energy efficiency in thermal power industry in China. It is of great significance to promote the energy efficiency of thermal power industry, to promote the goal of energy saving and emission reduction and to realize the sustainable development of economy and society. Based on the systematic analysis of the research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars in the field of energy efficiency, based on the conceptual framework of total factor energy efficiency, the SBM model and Luenberger productivity index based on relaxation non-radial and non-angle are used for reference in this paper. Based on the static calculation and dynamic decomposition of energy efficiency in 30 provinces of China from 2000 to 2010, an econometric model was built to analyze the factors affecting the energy efficiency of thermal power industry. The results show that the comprehensive efficiency of all-factor energy under environmental constraints is obviously lower than that without environmental constraints, indicating that excessive pollution of the environment has caused losses to the efficiency of thermal power production in China. There are regional differences in the energy efficiency of thermal power industry under environmental constraints, and the eastern efficiency value is obviously higher than that in the central and western regions. In the specific provinces, the provinces with high overall energy efficiency of the thermal power industry are mainly concentrated in the coastal areas. The less efficient provinces are mainly located in the central and western regions. From the point of view of inefficiency decomposition, sulfur dioxide inefficiency is the main source of energy inefficiency under environmental constraints, and output inefficiency does not contribute to environmental inefficiency and is not the source of energy inefficiency under environmental constraint. In the dynamic analysis of energy efficiency, we find that the level of technological progress has an important impact on the productivity growth of thermal power industry in China. In the study of the influencing factors of energy efficiency, it is found that coal-burning efficiency, unit capacity utilization ratio and technological progress have significant positive effects on thermal energy efficiency under environmental constraints, and energy prices have significant negative effects on energy efficiency of thermal power industry. Environmental regulation also has a positive effect on the energy efficiency of thermal power under environmental constraints, but it is not the main factor.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F205;F426.61

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