新能源发电现状概述与分析

发布时间：2018-11-04 12:25

【摘要】：随着生态和环境保护形势日趋严峻,发展新能源已成为我国乃至世界能源战略的主流,新能源发电成为未来电力行业发展的主题。新能源不仅包括风能、太阳能和生物质能等传统可再生能源,还包括页岩气和小堆核电等新型能源或资源。2013年,我国风力发电装机容量增长16.1GW,年递增21.4%;光伏发电新增装机容量11.3GW,年增长136.1%;我国拥有丰富的页岩气资源,目前正在加大页岩气勘探开发力度;小堆核电具有小身型、多用途、多选择、高安全等技术上的优势,适合我国电力行业的发展需求。风电的经济性主要体现在经济效益和环境效益上;增强光伏发电的经济效益,可以采取政府优惠补贴、增加发电容量、采用高新技术、开发新材料等措施;我国页岩气开发尚处于起步阶段,如果参照美国经验,国内的页岩气开采成本将远高于现行工业用天然气出厂价;目前国内小堆核电项目在经济上还无法与大堆相比,但随着科技进步和成本降低,小堆核电完全可以收回成本,并取得环境和经济上的双丰收。总之,新能源从辅助能源成为主要能源还需要一个长期的过程。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious situation of ecological and environmental protection, the development of new energy has become the mainstream of energy strategy in China and the world, and new energy generation has become the theme of the future development of electric power industry. New energy includes not only traditional renewable energy such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy, but also new energy or resources such as shale gas and small reactor nuclear power. In 2013, the installed capacity of wind power in China increased by 16.1 GW, an annual increase of 21.4GW; The installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation increased by 11.3 GW, with an annual increase of 136.1 GW. China has abundant shale gas resources and is increasing its shale gas exploration and development. Small-reactor nuclear power has the advantages of small body type, multi-purpose, multi-choice, high safety and so on, which is suitable for the development of electric power industry in China. The economic efficiency of wind power is mainly reflected in the economic and environmental benefits, the economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation can be enhanced by the government preferential subsidies, increasing the capacity of power generation, adopting high and new technology, developing new materials and so on. The development of shale gas in China is still in the initial stage. If we refer to the experience of the United States, the domestic cost of shale gas production will be much higher than the current ex-factory price of natural gas for industrial use. At present, the domestic small reactor nuclear power project can not compare with the large reactor in economy, but with the progress of science and technology and the reduction of the cost, the small reactor nuclear power can completely recover the cost, and obtain the double harvest in the environment and economy. In short, the new energy from auxiliary energy to the main energy needs a long-term process.
【作者单位】：中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院;国网北京市电力公司;
【基金】：“国家电网公司科技项目”(编号:PD17201200045)的资助
【分类号】：F426.61

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