新时期青岛市工艺品出口行业发展转型路径研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 20:13

【摘要】：改革开放以来，国际贸易一直是拉动我国经济快速增长的重要马车之一。2008年金融危机以来，欧美发达国家经济增长速度放缓，市场需求下降，各种贸易保护政策盛行，加之原材料和劳动力价格持续上涨，我国出口行业受到严重影响，大多数企业置身于订单需求不足、经济利润下降、甚至停产倒闭的发展困境，以劳动密集为主要特征的青岛市工艺品出口行业也深受影响。面临如此严峻形势，青岛市工艺品出口行业如何发展成为迫切需要回答的现实问题。本文根据国际贸易理论、竞争战略理论和SWOT理论，通过文献研读、统计分析和案例研究，聚焦探讨了新时期青岛市工艺品行业“走什么路”以及“如何走”两个问题，重点揭示青岛市工艺品行业发展的转型路径及其保障措施，寄望能够为青岛市工艺品出口行业发展政策的调整优化提供决策依据，也能够为国内其他地区工艺品出口行业的发展转型提供相关参考。实证结果表明，青岛市工艺品出口行业目前尽管拥有行业规模不断扩大、经营水平不断提升的发展优势，但也具生产污染严重、能耗偏高、技术低下、利润偏低、创新能力弱的劣势；尽管拥有国家贸易扶持政策机遇和广阔的国内市场需求前景，也面临订单数量下降、贸易壁垒高筑、生产成本增加的不利条件。浙江省仙居县和广东省深圳市工艺品出口行业转型案例分析结果表明，工艺品行业的发展应重点做好三项工作：一是努力扩展新兴市场，实现市场多元化发展；二是加强工艺品企业战略重组，增强企业国际竞争力；三是建立有效的行业制度，加强企业合作。现阶段，青岛市工艺品出口行业的转型发展应该坚持三项基本原则：经济效益原则、技术导向原则和协同创新原则；统筹做好行业内转型和行业外转型工作——前者重点做好资源利用方式转变、创新理念转变、产品结构调整、目标市场转变和销售模式升级等工作，，后者则主要包括向相似行业转型和进入其他产业领域两种选择；同时，切实做好规范工艺品统计归类、出台贸易专项政策、成立工艺品行业协会、树立企业转型典范、加强市场开拓指导、引导企业品牌建设、扶持电子商务发展和加强国际交流合作等八个方面的工作，切实保障青岛市工艺品行业发展转型的顺利实现。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, international trade has been one of the most important vehicles to promote the rapid economic growth of our country. Since the 2008 financial crisis, the economic growth rate of developed countries in Europe and the United States has slowed down, the market demand has declined, and various trade protection policies have prevailed. In addition, as the prices of raw materials and labor continue to rise, the export industry in China is seriously affected. Most enterprises are in the development dilemma of insufficient demand for orders, declining economic profits, and even shutdown. With labor-intensive as the main characteristics of Qingdao handicraft export industry is also deeply affected. Faced with such a severe situation, how to develop the handicraft export industry in Qingdao has become an urgent practical problem to be answered. According to the international trade theory, competition strategy theory and SWOT theory, through literature study, statistical analysis and case study, this paper focuses on the two problems of "what way" and "how to walk" in the handicraft industry of Qingdao in the new period. It is hoped that the transformation path and safeguard measures of Qingdao handicraft industry will provide the basis for the adjustment and optimization of the development policy of Qingdao handicraft export industry. It can also provide reference for the development and transformation of handicraft export industry in other regions of China. The empirical results show that although Qingdao handicraft export industry has the advantages of expanding industry scale and increasing management level, it also has serious production pollution, high energy consumption, low technology and low profit. Weak innovation ability; In spite of the opportunity of national trade support policy and the prospect of broad domestic market demand, it also faces the disadvantages of declining orders, high trade barriers and increasing production costs. The case study on the transformation of handicraft export industry in Xianju County of Zhejiang Province and Shenzhen City in Guangdong Province shows that the development of handicraft industry should focus on three aspects: first, try to expand the emerging market and realize the diversified development of the market; The second is to strengthen the strategic reorganization of handicraft enterprises to enhance their international competitiveness, and the third is to establish an effective industry system and strengthen enterprise cooperation. At present, the transformation and development of Qingdao handicraft export industry should adhere to three basic principles: economic benefit principle, technology guiding principle and collaborative innovation principle; The former focuses on the transformation of resource utilization, the transformation of innovation concept, the adjustment of product structure, the transformation of target market and the upgrading of sales model, etc. The latter mainly includes two kinds of choices: the transition to similar industries and the entry into other industrial fields; At the same time, we should do a good job in standardizing the statistics and classification of handicrafts, introducing special trade policies, setting up handicraft industry associations, setting up models for enterprise transformation, strengthening market development guidance, and guiding enterprise brand building. To support the development of electronic commerce and strengthen international exchange and cooperation, and ensure the smooth realization of the development and transformation of Qingdao handicraft industry.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F752.62;F426.8

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