盐利、官员考核与地方军饷——正统年间福建泉州盐课折米机制研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 09:42

【摘要】：明初,泉州盐课为本色盐,作为盐课缴纳盐场的食盐主要借助"开中法",由盐商运销,但因官盐运销成本高、利润低,盐商不愿报中,导致泉州盐课积压严重。福建相关官员为了避免盐课亏折阻滞仕途,于正统三年制定了让盐商在福建境内各盐场搭配支取盐引的政策。不过,新法不仅没有解决泉州食盐运销的实际问题,而且加重盐商运盐成本,难以真正缓解食盐积压现象。正统八年,在福建沿海卫所粮仓管理体制改变、卫所缺粮的情况下,新获得管理权的福建布政司官员奏准了浔美、氵丙州、浯州三场盐课折米,盐折米充当卫所官兵的月粮。该法一箭双雕,既为地方卫所军饷提供稳定来源,又消除了官员盐课考核之困扰。正统年间泉州盐课折米涉及盐商利益与官员仕途,是开中法实际运行状况、地方军政演变和官员考核等多种因素共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Quanzhou salt class was the original salt, and the salt paid as salt lesson was mainly sold by salt merchants with the aid of "open middle law". However, owing to the high cost of official salt transportation and low profit, salt merchants were unwilling to report it, which led to the serious backlog of salt lessons in Quanzhou. In order to avoid the loss of salt lessons, officials in Fujian Province in order to prevent official career, in the orthodox three years to allow salt merchants in Fujian salt farms to pull salt policies. However, the new law not only does not solve the actual problem of salt transportation and distribution in Quanzhou, but also increases the salt transportation cost of salt merchants, so it is difficult to alleviate the overstock of salt. After eight years of orthodoxy, when the grain management system of Fujian Coastal Wei Institute was changed and the grain shortage there was a shortage of grain, the newly obtained Fujian Chief Secretary officials played three salt lessons in Xunmei, Zhouzhou, Wuzhou, and Wuzhou, which served as monthly grain for the officers and men of the Institute. With two birds with one stone, the law not only provides a stable source of pay for local guards, but also eliminates the problem of salt assessment by officials. In the orthodox years, Quanzhou salt lessons involved the interests of salt merchants and officials' official career, which was the result of the actual operation of China and France, the evolution of local military and political affairs and the examination of officials.
【作者单位】：兰州大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目青年项目“明清灶户制度运作与福建盐场社会变迁”(13CZS023)
【分类号】：F426.82;K248.3

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