中国稀土产业市场结构分析
发布时间：2018-12-11 13:37
【摘要】：中国是稀土资源较为丰富的国家之一,在进入新世纪以来,随着中国成功加入世界贸易组织(WTO),中国稀土出口量激增,稀土产量占世界产量的95%以上。但是在这种情况下,中国稀土产业却在国际市场处于劣势地位。本文拟在研究稀土本身价值的基础上,着重从该产业的市场结构角度分析稀土产业所遇到的问题,以及指出政府政策实施的弊端,深度剖析中国稀土产业,给出合理的理论建议。 首先,了解稀土产业的产业链,这是了解一个行业所必需的。国内多数学者在涉及到稀土价值的时候往往通过考虑其出口价格低迷,以及缺失定价权等问题。诚然,这确实是该行业所遇到的棘手问题,而在分析该行业的产业价值上更应该根据这个产业的本质研究。因为它在于其他资源性商品相比有很多的特别之处,包括其工业地位,复杂的市场结构等,只有通过产业链定位在所需研究的环节上,我们才可以对于这个产业有所认识,这是往后通过其他理论分析该产业问题的前提。 其次,在稀土产业市场结构的分析中,不再泛泛的以整个行业作为分析对象,而是根据已经了解的稀土产业链上游作为研究的对象。在这个既定的市场中着重分析市场结构,因为在作者看来这是所研究对象的核心问题所在。通过分析垄断与竞争的市场结构,得出结论：竞争的市场结构是严重的资源耗竭型的。在目前阶段,中国稀土开采企业仍是杂乱无序的,市场集中度过低所导致的无序竞争是我国稀土产业表现软弱无力的重要原因之一,在此鼓励提高市场集中度,最优的状态是国家针对该产业实施单方垄断。把市场结构问题放在全球供应链视角下,中国在资源性商品交易中处于劣势地位,中国虽然提供几乎垄断的全球市场的供给却没有任何市场势力。这与该行业市场结构以及行业内企业的行为有着密切的联系。 最后,分析政府产业政策所存在的弊端。在中国,几乎所有的硬性标准或指标,都能被规制主体柔性的钻空子,大大降低产业政策效果。因为通过下游应用以及出口量确定稀土产量的具体额度是比较困难的,政府所确定的具体落实到企业的生产配额所实施的原因并没有给予官方解释,这就给了某些产量并没有达到配额量的企业以可乘之机。中国目前仍然是政策导向型经济发展模式,一个正确的产业政策对于该产业的发展,以及相关产业的经济发展是至关重要的,尤其是本文所研究的稀土产业,对于我国新兴产业的起步与发展,国家军事国防事业等重要领域有着关键作用。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with abundant rare earth resources. Since entering the new century, China's rare earth export volume has increased rapidly with China's successful entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and its rare earth output accounts for more than 95 percent of the world's output. But in this case, China's rare earth industry is in a disadvantaged position in the international market. On the basis of studying the value of rare earth, this paper analyzes the problems of rare earth industry from the angle of market structure of the industry, points out the malpractice of government policy, and deeply analyzes the rare earth industry in China. Reasonable theoretical suggestions are given. First of all, understand the industrial chain of rare earth industry, which is necessary to understand an industry. When it comes to the value of rare earths, most domestic scholars often consider the low export price and the lack of pricing power. To be sure, this is a thorny problem for the industry, and it is more important to analyze the industry's value according to the nature of the industry. Because it has many special features compared with other resource-based commodities, including its industrial status, complex market structure, and so on. Only by positioning itself in the required links of research through the industrial chain, can we have a better understanding of this industry. This is the premise of future analysis of the industry through other theories. Secondly, in the analysis of the market structure of rare earth industry, the whole industry is no longer the object of analysis, but according to the understanding of the upstream of the rare earth industry chain as the research object. Emphasis is placed on market structure in this established market, as the author sees it as the core problem of the subject. By analyzing the market structure of monopoly and competition, it is concluded that the market structure of competition is serious resource depletion. At the present stage, the rare earth mining enterprises in China are still disorderly, and the disorderly competition caused by the low market concentration is one of the important reasons for the weakness of the rare earth industry in our country. In this context, we encourage the improvement of the market concentration. The optimal state is that the state monopolizes the industry unilaterally. From the perspective of global supply chain, China is in a disadvantaged position in the trading of resource commodities. Although China provides almost monopolized global market supply, it has no market power. This is closely related to the market structure of the industry and the behavior of enterprises within the industry. Finally, analyze the malpractice of government industrial policy. In China, almost all the rigid criteria or indicators can be regulated by the flexibility of the main hole, greatly reduce the effect of industrial policy. Because it is difficult to determine the specific amount of rare earth production through downstream application and export volume, the reasons why the government has determined the concrete implementation of the production quota for enterprises have not been given an official explanation. This gives some enterprises whose output does not meet the quota to take advantage of it. At present, China is still a policy-oriented economic development model. A correct industrial policy is crucial to the development of this industry and the economic development of related industries, especially the rare earth industry studied in this paper. It plays a key role in the starting and development of China's new industry, national military defense and other important fields.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.1
本文编号：2372642
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with abundant rare earth resources. Since entering the new century, China's rare earth export volume has increased rapidly with China's successful entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO), and its rare earth output accounts for more than 95 percent of the world's output. But in this case, China's rare earth industry is in a disadvantaged position in the international market. On the basis of studying the value of rare earth, this paper analyzes the problems of rare earth industry from the angle of market structure of the industry, points out the malpractice of government policy, and deeply analyzes the rare earth industry in China. Reasonable theoretical suggestions are given. First of all, understand the industrial chain of rare earth industry, which is necessary to understand an industry. When it comes to the value of rare earths, most domestic scholars often consider the low export price and the lack of pricing power. To be sure, this is a thorny problem for the industry, and it is more important to analyze the industry's value according to the nature of the industry. Because it has many special features compared with other resource-based commodities, including its industrial status, complex market structure, and so on. Only by positioning itself in the required links of research through the industrial chain, can we have a better understanding of this industry. This is the premise of future analysis of the industry through other theories. Secondly, in the analysis of the market structure of rare earth industry, the whole industry is no longer the object of analysis, but according to the understanding of the upstream of the rare earth industry chain as the research object. Emphasis is placed on market structure in this established market, as the author sees it as the core problem of the subject. By analyzing the market structure of monopoly and competition, it is concluded that the market structure of competition is serious resource depletion. At the present stage, the rare earth mining enterprises in China are still disorderly, and the disorderly competition caused by the low market concentration is one of the important reasons for the weakness of the rare earth industry in our country. In this context, we encourage the improvement of the market concentration. The optimal state is that the state monopolizes the industry unilaterally. From the perspective of global supply chain, China is in a disadvantaged position in the trading of resource commodities. Although China provides almost monopolized global market supply, it has no market power. This is closely related to the market structure of the industry and the behavior of enterprises within the industry. Finally, analyze the malpractice of government industrial policy. In China, almost all the rigid criteria or indicators can be regulated by the flexibility of the main hole, greatly reduce the effect of industrial policy. Because it is difficult to determine the specific amount of rare earth production through downstream application and export volume, the reasons why the government has determined the concrete implementation of the production quota for enterprises have not been given an official explanation. This gives some enterprises whose output does not meet the quota to take advantage of it. At present, China is still a policy-oriented economic development model. A correct industrial policy is crucial to the development of this industry and the economic development of related industries, especially the rare earth industry studied in this paper. It plays a key role in the starting and development of China's new industry, national military defense and other important fields.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.1
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