石油开采企业供应链系统风险管理方法研究与实践

发布时间：2019-01-03 20:13

【摘要】：随着社会对于石油、天然气等能源需求的高速增长，石油作为不可再生的资源受到全球的高度重视。石油开采企业供应链部门对油田勘探开发、项目建造、日常生产等各项的平稳运行起着关键性的作用。它还承担着为企业生产建设提供所需物资、降低采购成本、避免大量资金占用等重要职能，同时对供应链的管理中也存在很大的风险。供应链风险管理是在供应链管理系统中，采取有效措施将风险发生的可能性降到最低，并对风险的来源、性质和后果等进行研究的过程。从全局角度来看，供应链风险管理是在有风险的环境里对处于供应链上的各方之间进行协调，使用有效手段处理供应链内外由不确定因素引起的风险事件，加强对供应链成员企业之间的监督和管理，并将风险降至最低。供应链风险事件的发生通常会降低企业的运营效率、提高成本，甚至导致供应链的断裂。本文从采购系统、生产系统、销售系统方面的风险进行分析并介绍管理方法，分析了石油开采企业供应链结构和关键环节的实施方式，针对风险管理提出了识别方法及规避方法。列举出供应链管理面临的风险，包括合同风险、安全风险、价格风险、溢油风险、工艺风险等诸多因素，逐个进行分析。研究出合理的风险识别方法和规避措施，，并利用AHP层次分析法将风险因素逐一评估，通过计算风险因素的权重进行排序，最终得出对供应链管理影响较大的因素。可以集中精力关注那些权重较大的风险因素，严格控制风险的发生。建立了供应链一体化风险监控体系，对供应链风险进行综合监控和分析。最后以C石油为例，介绍了公司的内部环境和外部环境的现状，深度剖析了公司可能存在的采购、生产、销售系统供应链风险因素，并对于当前C公司所面临的供应链风险提出了规避和管理方法，提高公司供应链管理的效率，为海上生产设施提供后勤保障，同时降低供应链和物流的成本。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the demand for oil, natural gas and other energy resources, oil as a non-renewable resource is highly valued around the world. Supply chain plays a key role in the smooth operation of oil exploration and development, project construction, daily production and so on. It also undertakes the important functions of providing the necessary materials for the production and construction of the enterprise, reducing the purchasing cost and avoiding a large amount of capital occupation. At the same time, it also has great risks to the management of the supply chain. Supply chain risk management (SCM) is a process in which effective measures are taken to minimize the possibility of risk, and the source, nature and consequences of risk are studied. From the overall perspective, supply chain risk management is to coordinate the parties in the supply chain in a risky environment, using effective means to deal with the risk events caused by uncertainties inside and outside the supply chain. Strengthen the supervision and management of supply chain member enterprises, and minimize the risk. The occurrence of supply chain risk events usually reduces the operation efficiency, increases the cost and even leads to the breakage of the supply chain. In this paper, the risk of purchasing system, production system and sales system is analyzed and the management method is introduced. The structure of supply chain and the implementation mode of key links are analyzed. Aiming at risk management, the identification method and evading method are put forward. The risk of supply chain management, including contract risk, safety risk, price risk, oil spill risk, process risk and so on, are listed and analyzed one by one. The reasonable risk identification method and evading measures are studied, and the risk factors are evaluated one by using AHP analytic hierarchy process, and the factors that have a great influence on supply chain management are obtained by calculating the weight of risk factors. Can concentrate on those heavy risk factors, strictly control the occurrence of risk. The integrated risk monitoring system of supply chain is established, and the risk of supply chain is comprehensively monitored and analyzed. Finally, taking C oil as an example, the paper introduces the present situation of the internal and external environment of the company, and deeply analyzes the possible risk factors of the supply chain in the purchasing, production and sales systems. It also puts forward some methods to avoid and manage the supply chain risk faced by company C, to improve the efficiency of supply chain management, to provide logistics support for offshore production facilities, and to reduce the cost of supply chain and logistics at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F274;F426.22

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