家电企业技术创新效率研究

发布时间：2019-01-21 06:54

【摘要】：技术进步是经济增长的根本动力，而技术创新是实现技术进步的关键因素。我国家电行业经过近三十年的发展，整体走向日趋成熟，并创造出一批具有较强国际竞争力、较高营销水平和品牌知名度的家电企业。然而，我国并不是家电制造强国，核心技术的缺乏使我国家电制造业一直尴尬地处于世界家电产业价值链的最低端。在竞争激烈的市场条件下，虽然我国一些家电企业逐渐意识到技术创新对于取得市场竞争优势的决定性作用，并开始不断加大创新资源的投入，具备了一定的技术创新能力，但是部分投入并没有得到充分有效利用，家电企业的技术创新效率很低。为了适应知识经济时代对企业技术创新的新要求，以劳动密集型为主的家电企业需要向技术密集型甚至高技术企业类型转变。因此，在家电企业创新资源短缺和面临转型的大背景下，如何提高家电企业的技术创新效率，增强家电企业国际竞争力，促使我国由家电生产大国向创新驱动的家电生产强国转变，已成为当前迫切需要研究的重要课题。论文首先回顾总结了技术创新及效率理论和方法的研究成果，在此基础上全面分析了我国家电企业的发展状况和技术创新现状，并与世界知名领先家电企业集团进行了对比分析，找出我国家电企业技术创新存在的不足。其次，结合我国家电企业的行业特征，构建家电企业技术创新效率评价指标体系。运用DEA非参数方法从静态角度对2012年10家上市家电企业技术创新效率进行横向比较，并依据家电企业技术创新效率可能的影响因素将家电企业进行分组，考察了节能惠民补贴政策对样本企业技术创新效率的影响。然后，利用基于DEA的Malmquist指数方法从动态角度全面评价了2009-2012年间10家上市家电企业技术创新效率的变化趋势，并从中分解出技术进步和技术效率变化对技术创新效率变化的影响。最后，针对家电企业技术创新效率存在的问题提出了对策建议。论文研究得出了以下几点结论：（1）2012年家电企业技术创新效率整体不高，，造成效率走低的原因主要是纯技术无效率；（2）家电企业尚未形成规模优势；（3）家电企业技术创新活动存在着一定程度上投入冗余现象；（4）节能补贴惠民工程对家电企业技术创新效率的提升具有促进作用；（5）2009-2012年间，以上市公司为代表的我国家电企业技术创新效率并没有提高，而是以年均1.1%的速度在下降，技术进步指数也没有改进，年均下降15.4%，而技术效率年均增长16.9%；（6）2009-2012年间，家电企业技术创新效率的提升与技术进步表现出很强的正相关性，家电企业技术进步是提高技术创新效率的关键因素。
[Abstract]:Technological progress is the fundamental power of economic growth, and technological innovation is the key factor to realize technological progress. After nearly 30 years of development, the household appliance industry in our country is becoming more and more mature, and has created a group of household appliance enterprises with strong international competitiveness, high marketing level and brand popularity. However, China is not a powerful country in home appliance manufacturing, and the lack of core technology makes it embarrassing to be at the lowest end of the value chain of home appliance industry in the world. Under the competitive market conditions, although some household appliance enterprises in our country gradually realize the decisive role of technological innovation in obtaining market competitive advantage, and begin to increase the investment of innovation resources, they have a certain ability of technological innovation. However, some of the investment has not been fully and effectively utilized, and the efficiency of technological innovation of household appliance enterprises is very low. In order to meet the new requirements of technological innovation of enterprises in the era of knowledge economy, the type of household appliances enterprises, which are mainly labor-intensive, need to be changed to technology-intensive or even high-tech enterprises. Therefore, under the background of the shortage of innovation resources and the transformation of household appliance enterprises, how to improve the efficiency of technological innovation and enhance the international competitiveness of household electrical appliances enterprises, It has become an urgent task to change our country from a large household appliance production country to an innovation-driven home appliance production power. Firstly, the paper reviews the research results of technology innovation and efficiency theory and methods, and then analyzes the development and technological innovation status of Chinese household electrical appliance enterprises. And compared with the famous leading household appliance enterprise group in the world, find out the deficiency of the technology innovation of our country household appliance enterprise. Secondly, according to the industry characteristics of household appliance enterprises in China, the evaluation index system of technological innovation efficiency of household electrical appliances enterprises is constructed. In this paper, DEA non-parametric method is used to compare the technological innovation efficiency of 10 listed household appliance enterprises in 2012 from the static point of view, and the household appliance enterprises are grouped according to the possible influencing factors of the technological innovation efficiency of the household appliance enterprises. The effect of energy saving subsidy policy on technological innovation efficiency of sample enterprises was investigated. Then, using the Malmquist index method based on DEA, this paper comprehensively evaluates the change trend of the technological innovation efficiency of 10 listed household appliance enterprises in 2009-2012 from the dynamic point of view. The influence of technological progress and technological efficiency change on technological innovation efficiency is analyzed. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in view of the problems existing in the technical innovation efficiency of household appliance enterprises. This paper draws the following conclusions: (1) the efficiency of technical innovation of household appliances enterprises in 2012 is not high, the main reason for the low efficiency is pure technology inefficiency; (2) the scale advantage of household appliance enterprises has not been formed; (3) the technological innovation activities of household electrical appliances enterprises are redundant to some extent, (4) the energy saving subsidy benefits the people project has the promotion function to the household appliance enterprise technological innovation efficiency enhancement, (4) the energy saving subsidy benefits the civilian project to the appliance enterprise technological innovation efficiency enhancement; (5) from 2009 to 2012, the efficiency of Chinese household appliance enterprises, represented by listed companies, did not improve, but declined at an average annual rate of 1.1%, and the index of technological progress did not improve, with an average annual decline of 15.4%. The average annual increase of technical efficiency is 16.9. (6) from 2009 to 2012, the improvement of technological innovation efficiency and technological progress of household appliance enterprises show a strong positive correlation, and the technological progress of household appliance enterprises is the key factor to improve the efficiency of technological innovation.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F273.1;F426.6

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