能源危机背景下电价机制与节能关系研究

发布时间：2019-02-16 19:32

【摘要】：电力既是消费者也是能源提供者,是社会发展的重要支撑,各行业的发展与否在电能消耗上均有所体现,因此电力产业的节能减排在整个节能减排工作中占据举足轻重的地位。本文首先通过对现行电价形成机制及其存在的问题与原因的讨论阐述了电力行业在节能减排中的重要性,并着重强调了电价机制对环境保护的影响作用；从用户角度出发研究了典型电价模型(标杆电价等)对各类用户的总体影响,分类对用户负荷影响进行分析,总结电价模型推动的包括价格弹性、需求弹性、差别定价这三点用户的节能用电倾向,即“与弹性成反比”规则,总体概括为对价格弹性较低的用户收取较高的价格,而对价格弹性较高的用户收取较低的价格。电价是我们日常生活中尽可能节能的一种内在驱动力,电价机制使得用户在日常生活中以错峰用电,积极利用峰谷电价差的方式实现节能减排的目的；结合理想电价机制提出了对现行电价机制的运行调整建议,对于阶梯电价的三档消费区分还不足以完全体现效率,针对富人的第三档消费提出建议,使其对电价敏感从而节约用电达到节能减排的目的；最后本文通过对上海市电价与节能降耗关系的调研考察,从上海市节能降耗存在的问题、在能源危机下的区域电价机制出发,对区域电价机制与节能提出控制总量消耗,完善约束机制,加大政府在节能方面的投入力度,从思想上宣传教育等措施从而将节能减排工作扩展到全区域。
[Abstract]:Electricity is not only a consumer but also an energy provider and an important support for social development. The development of various industries is reflected in the energy consumption, so the energy saving and emission reduction of the power industry occupies a pivotal position in the whole energy conservation and emission reduction work. In this paper, firstly, the importance of electric power industry in energy saving and emission reduction is expounded through the discussion of the current electricity price formation mechanism and its existing problems and reasons, and the effect of electricity price mechanism on environmental protection is emphasized. From the user's point of view, this paper studies the general influence of typical electricity price model (benchmarking price, etc.) on all kinds of users, analyzes the influence of classification on user load, and summarizes the price elasticity and demand elasticity promoted by electricity price model. The rule of "inversely proportional to elasticity", which is the energy saving tendency of the three customers, is generally summarized as charging a higher price for the user with lower price elasticity and a lower price for the user with the higher price elasticity. Electricity price is an internal driving force to save energy as much as possible in our daily life. The mechanism of electricity price makes users make use of peak and valley electricity price difference actively to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction in daily life. Combined with the ideal electricity price mechanism, the paper puts forward some suggestions for the operation and adjustment of the current electricity price mechanism. The three-stage consumption differentiation of the stepped electricity price is not enough to fully reflect the efficiency, and the suggestion is made for the third stage consumption of the rich. Make it sensitive to electricity price so as to save electricity to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction; Finally, based on the investigation and investigation of the relationship between electricity price and energy saving and consumption reduction in Shanghai, from the existing problems of energy saving and consumption reduction in Shanghai, the paper proposes to control the total consumption of the regional electricity price mechanism and energy saving from the regional electricity price mechanism under the energy crisis. Improve the restraint mechanism, increase the government investment in energy conservation, from the ideological propaganda and education measures to expand the work of energy saving and emission reduction to the whole region.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.61;F205

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