基于经营期定价的我国海上风电电价研究

发布时间：2019-02-19 10:31

【摘要】：海上风电虽然投资成本大，但比起陆上风电，，由于其具有发电量大、靠近负荷中心便于消纳、不占用土地资源等方面的优势，因而越来越受到人们的重视。我国海上风电起步较晚，但发展很快，目前我国有许多海上风电项目正在规划建设之中。包括海上风电在内的新能源电价定价问题成为我国及世界电力经济领域的一个重要研究课题。与陆上风电的区域标杆电价制度不同，我国对海上风电实行的是一厂一价的上网电价政策，即海上风电企业根据预计的财务收支确定其上网电价，并报由政府部门审批，审批通过后国家强制电网公司以审批确立的价格全额收购该风电场的发电量。因此，如何确立合理的上网电价定价方式是海上风电投资者和政府部门首先需要考虑的问题。本文结合我国实际，建立了基于经营期电价法的我国海上风电上网电价模型，并将该模型应用于桂山海上风电项目中进行研究，测算出了桂山海上风电项目的上网电价。同时还对影响上网电价的各因素进行了敏感性分析，分析结果显示对海上风电电价影响最大的两个因素是上网电量的多少和初始投资额的高低，并据此提出了降低上网电价的途径。本文还分析了海上风电对环境的减排效益和对系统备用容量成本的影响等外部效应，并利用本文建立的基于经营期电价法的上网电价定价模型计算出了考虑外部效应后桂山海上风电项目的上网电价。计算结果显示，即便将外部效应考虑在内，在现阶段我国海上风电电价相比火电电价依然不具备竞争优势。但是，随着海上风电场造价和运行维护成本的不断下降、一次能源价格的不断上升以及人们对环保价值的更加重视，海上风电对比火力发电的竞争优势将日渐显现。
[Abstract]:Although the investment cost of offshore wind power is large, compared with onshore wind power, it is paid more and more attention because of its advantages of large power generation, convenient to absorb near load center, and not occupying land resources. Offshore wind power in China starts late, but develops rapidly. At present, there are many offshore wind power projects under planning and construction in our country. The pricing of new energy electricity including offshore wind power has become an important research topic in the field of electricity economy in China and the world. Different from the regional benchmarking price system of onshore wind power, our country implements the policy of one factory and one price on the Internet for offshore wind power, that is, offshore wind power enterprises determine their Internet electricity prices according to the expected financial revenues and expenditures, and submit them to the government departments for examination and approval. After the approval, the state forced grid company to purchase the wind farm in full at the established price. Therefore, how to establish a reasonable pricing method is the first consideration for offshore wind power investors and government departments. In this paper, based on the practice of our country, the electricity price model of offshore wind power in our country is established, and the model is applied to study the offshore wind power project in Guishan, and the online electricity price of offshore wind power project in Guishan is calculated. At the same time, the sensitivity analysis of the factors affecting the electricity price is carried out. The results show that the two most important factors affecting the offshore wind power price are the amount of electricity connected to the Internet and the initial investment. According to this, the way to reduce the electricity price is put forward. This paper also analyzes the effects of offshore wind power on environmental emission reduction and system reserve capacity cost. Based on the operating period electricity price method established in this paper, the online electricity price of Guishan offshore wind power project is calculated considering the external effect. The results show that even if the external effects are taken into account, China's offshore wind power price still does not have a competitive advantage compared with the thermal power price at the present stage. However, with the continuous decline of offshore wind farm cost and maintenance cost, the rising of primary energy price and more attention to the value of environmental protection, the competitive advantage of offshore wind power compared with thermal power generation will become increasingly apparent.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F426.61

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