我国稀土产业面临的机遇与挑战:从政策执行效果的角度分析

发布时间：2019-04-21 11:49

【摘要】：稀土作为我国的优势矿产,在国家经济发展和国防建设中占有重要战略地位。近几年,国家出台和实施了一系列与稀土相关的政策措施,对稀土行业健康有序发展起到至关重要作用,在稀土产业整合、核心技术研发等方面均取得成效,在供需关系、消费结构、产品价格等方面亦发生可喜变化。与此同时,国际稀土形势也在悄然发生着变化,WTO稀土争端案初裁对我国不利,国外稀土勘查开发及新技术研发加速,美日德法积极寻求稀土合作对象,我国稀土产品徘徊在国际稀土产业链中低端的状态尚未彻底改变。如此种种,机遇与挑战并存,如何把握机遇和应对挑战?笔者认为从产业健康发展角度考虑应从三个方面着手加强:一是积极开拓我国稀土应用领域,加大稀土新材料的研制和研发;二是优化稀土产业结构,提高知识产权保护意识,增强我国稀土产业国际竞争力;三是将环境成本纳入生产成本,加强环境监督管理。
[Abstract]:Rare earth, as the dominant mineral in our country, occupies an important strategic position in the national economic development and national defense construction. In recent years, the state has issued and implemented a series of policies and measures related to rare earths, which play a vital role in the healthy and orderly development of the rare earth industry, and have achieved results in the integration of rare earth industries, the research and development of core technologies, and in the relationship between supply and demand. Consumption structure, product prices and other aspects of welcome changes have taken place. At the same time, the international rare earth situation is also quietly changing, the initial adjudication of the WTO rare earth dispute is unfavorable to China, foreign rare earth exploration and development and the research and development of new technologies are accelerating, and the United States, Japan, Germany and France actively seek for rare earth cooperation objects. China's rare earth products hovering in the international rare earth industry chain at the low end of the state has not been completely changed. All these, opportunities and challenges coexist, how to seize opportunities and meet challenges? The author thinks that it should be strengthened from three aspects from the angle of healthy development of industry: one is to actively open up the application field of rare earth in our country and to increase the research and development of new rare earth materials; The second is to optimize the structure of rare earth industry, to improve the awareness of intellectual property protection, to enhance the international competitiveness of rare earth industry in China, and to integrate environmental costs into production costs and to strengthen environmental supervision and management.
【作者单位】：中国地质调查局发展研究中心;国土资源部矿产勘查技术指导中心;中国地质大学(北京);
【基金】：中国地质调查局地质矿产调查评价专项“全国稀土矿产资源勘查开发战略研究”项目资助(编号:1212011220822)
【分类号】：F426

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