美国“再工业化”的内涵及其对中国的启示

发布时间：2019-07-05 07:42

【摘要】：20世纪50年代美国在经历了工业化的“黄金时代”之后，工业在国民经济中的地位开始不断下降。特别是国际金融危机后，美国感到其制造业的领先地位和竞争力受到严峻挑战。为振兴美国经济，美国提出了“再工业化”战略，以期重新取得竞争优势，重振本土工业。美国的这一倡导，引起了国内外学者对经济发展模式以及再工业的广泛关注与讨论。作为发达国家的代表，美国的再工业化已经不是简单地回归传统制造业，而是以信息化为先导，重视科技创新和人才战略的高端制造业发展道路，使得制造业在成本、效率、技术等方面比以往更具创新力以及国际竞争力。世界经济发展史告诉我们，世界大国，甚至一些中等国家，工业化是实现现代化不可逾越的重要阶段。改革开放三十多年来，中国经济取得了长足发展，中国工业化也进入了一个新的更高的阶段。但是，在取得巨大成果的同时，我们也不能忽视中国工业发展进程中存在的问题，，如科技创新能力低、生产效率低、环境污染严重等。经济增长方式的转变也是我国需要重视的问题，所以对美国“再工业化”战略加以关注是非常必要的，因为这一回归策略将会对世界经济造成巨大的影响，尤其作为严重依赖外资、外需的中国,这种影响更是不可小觑。所以在此背景下，深挖美国再工业化的内涵及其实质，分析这一战略到底是美国经济的长期策略导向还只是其贸易保护主义的外衣，美国的再工业化战略是否可行，是否能取得预期效果显得尤为重要。本文主要通过对发达国家再工业化的一般特征引申到对美国再工业概况的具体研究，并以此为基础来探讨美国再工业化的可行性，以及我国可以从美国再工业这一举措中获得怎样的启示与启发，同时为我国工业发展提供政策建议。
文内图片：

图片说明：790-1870年英美生铁产量及占世界资本主义世界对比
[Abstract]:After the golden age of industrialization in the 1950 s, the position of industry in the national economy began to decline. Especially after the international financial crisis, the United States felt that its manufacturing leadership and competitiveness were severely challenged. In order to revitalize the American economy, the United States has put forward the strategy of "reindustrialization" in order to regain its competitive advantage and revitalize its local industry. This initiative in the United States has aroused widespread concern and discussion of economic development model and reindustry by scholars at home and abroad. As the representative of developed countries, the reindustrialization of the United States has not simply returned to the traditional manufacturing industry, but the high-end manufacturing industry development road, which takes informatization as the forerunner and attaches importance to scientific and technological innovation and talent strategy, which makes the manufacturing industry more innovative and internationally competitive in terms of cost, efficiency, technology and so on. The history of world economic development tells us that industrialization is an insurmountable stage in the realization of modernization in big countries in the world and even in some medium-sized countries. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has made great progress, and China's industrialization has entered a new and higher stage. However, while making great achievements, we can not ignore the problems existing in the process of industrial development in China, such as low scientific and technological innovation capacity, low production efficiency, serious environmental pollution and so on. The transformation of economic growth mode is also a problem that our country needs to pay attention to, so it is very necessary to pay attention to the "reindustrialization" strategy of the United States, because this return strategy will have a great impact on the world economy, especially in China, which is heavily dependent on foreign investment and foreign demand. Therefore, under this background, it is particularly important to dig deeply into the connotation and essence of American reindustrialization, and to analyze whether this strategy is the long-term strategic orientation of the American economy or only the cloak of its trade protectionism. Whether the American reindustrialization strategy is feasible and whether the expected results can be achieved is particularly important. This paper mainly extends the general characteristics of reindustrialization in developed countries to the specific study of the general situation of reindustry in the United States, and on this basis, discusses the feasibility of reindustrialization in the United States, as well as what enlightenment and inspiration China can obtain from the measure of reindustry in the United States, and at the same time provides policy suggestions for the development of industry in China.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F471.2;F424

【参考文献】