我国财政支出结构对城乡收入差距的影响分析

发布时间：2018-01-19 10:42

本文关键词： 财政支出财政支出结构城乡收入差距　出处：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，伴随着国民经济的快速发展，人们的生活水平逐步提高，与此同时，城乡收入差距也逐步拉大，城乡收入差距问题已成为学术界和政治界关注的重点问题。城乡收入差距过大将会引发一系列的经济问题和社会问题，，政府正致力于缩小城乡收入差距。因此，对于城乡收入差距问题的研究具有重大的意义。财政支出对收入的增长都是有积极作用的，但是不同的财政支出项目对城镇居民可支配性收入和农村居民纯收入的作用力度并不相同，财政支出就是通过不同程度的影响城乡居民的收入来影响城乡居民收入差距。而财政支出政策是政府用来调节收入分配最直接有效的手段。因此，研究财政支出结构与城乡收入差距的关系，有助于政府调整财政支出结构，以便更好的缩小城乡收入差距。论文分成了五个部分进行研究。第一部分为绪论，将对选题背景、研究意义、研究目的、研究方法、研究内容、相关概念的界定、研究的创新之处和不足进行阐述；第二部分为理论分析与文献综述，对财政支出调节收入分配的相关理论和城乡收入差距的相关理论进行分析，而文献综述主要从国家的宏观政策对城乡收入差距的影响和财政支出对城乡收入差距的影响两方面进行分析；第三部分对财政支出结构与城乡收入差距关系的描述性分析，分别对支农支出、教育支出、社会保障支出和医疗卫生支出对城乡收入差距的影响和现状进行分析；第四部分为财政支出结构对城乡收入差距影响的实证分析部分，首先将对指标的选取、数据来源、面板数据特点、面板模型进行说明，接着利用stata软件，对我国31个省份1998-2012年的面板数据进行实证检验和结果分析；第五部分为政策建议部分，在前四部分的理论和实证分析结果基础上，提出了相关的政策建议。通过研究，本文得出了一下几点结论：第一，我国的城乡收入差距较大，政府应当高度重视，而城乡收入差距较大主要是由于农村居民的收入较低；第二，中部和西部地区的支农支出显著缩小了城乡收入差距，而东部地区的支农支出拉大了城乡收入差距，但作用效果并不显著。第三，东中西部的教育支出都显著拉大了城乡收入差距，这主要是由于教育支出的城乡支出差异较大。第四，东部和西部地区的社会保障支出显著缩小了城乡收入差距，但东部地区的积极作用并不明显。第五，东部地区的医疗卫生支出显著缩小了城乡收入差距，中部地区的医疗卫生支出对城乡收入差距的积极作用并不显著，而西部地区的医疗卫生支出反而拉大了城乡收入差距。第六，我国的财政支出城市化倾向比较严重，对我国的城乡收入差距的影响较大，而我国的支农支出、教育支出、社会保障支出和医疗卫生支出在不同的省份对城乡收入差距的作用效果不同，这与支出的结构密切相关，因此，调整各项支出的城乡分配和结构十分必要。论文在这六项结论的基础之上也提出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the national economy, people's living standard has gradually increased, at the same time, the urban-rural income gap is gradually widening income gap between urban and rural areas has become a key problem for the academic and political circles. The income gap between urban and rural areas will lead to a series of economic and social problems, the government is committed to to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas. It is of great significance to the study on the problem of income gap between urban and rural areas.
The fiscal expenditure is helpful to income growth, but the effect of the intensity of different fiscal expenditure of urban residents' disposable income and net income of rural residents is not the same, the fiscal expenditure is the income of urban and rural residents affected to urban and rural residents income gap. And the government fiscal expenditure policy is used to adjust the income distribution of the most direct and effective means. Therefore, research on the relationship between fiscal expenditure structure and the income gap between urban and rural areas, help the government to adjust the structure of financial expenditure, in order to narrow the urban-rural income gap.
The paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the introduction of research background, research significance, research purpose, research methods, research content, definition of related concepts, innovation and shortcomings of the paper; the second part is theoretical analysis and literature review, theory analysis on the theory of fiscal expenditure regulation of income distribution and income gap between urban and rural areas, and the two aspects of the literature review mainly from the national policy on the income gap between urban and rural areas and the impact of fiscal expenditure on the income gap between urban and rural areas were analyzed; the third part is the analysis of descriptive on the relationship between fiscal expenditure structure and the income gap between urban and rural areas, respectively on the expenditure of education expenditure, and expenditure. Health expenditure effect of social security on the income gap between urban and rural areas and the status quo analysis; the fourth part is the financial expenditure structure and the income gap between urban and rural areas. Part of the analysis of sound evidence, will first select the indicators, data sources, panel data, panel model is described, then using the Stata software, analyze the results of empirical test and panel data of 31 provinces in 1998-2012 in China; the fifth part is the policy suggestion part, based on the theoretical and empirical analysis of four parts the results, put forward relevant policy recommendations.
Through the research, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, China's urban-rural income gap is large, the government should attach great importance to the large income gap between urban and rural areas is mainly due to the income of rural residents is low; second, the central and western regions of the agricultural expenditure significantly reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, while the eastern region expenditure pull the large income gap between urban and rural areas, but the effect is not significant. Third, the eastern and western education expenditure significantly widened the income gap between urban and rural areas, this is mainly because the income gap between urban and rural areas of education expenditure is larger. Fourth, the eastern and western regions of the social security expenditure significantly reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, but the positive role of the eastern region is not obvious. Fifth, the eastern region of the health expenditure significantly reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, the positive role of the central region of the health expenditure on income gap between urban and rural areas Is not significant, while the western region's health spending widened the income gap between urban and rural areas. Sixth, the fiscal expenditure tendency of city of our country is serious impact on the urban-rural income gap is larger, while China's expenditure, education expenditure, social security expenditure and different health expenditure in different provinces the income gap between urban and rural areas the effect is closely related to the structure and expenditure therefore, urban and rural distribution and structural adjustment of the expenditure is necessary. Based on the six conclusions are put forward the corresponding policy proposal.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7

【参考文献】