财政支出结构、城镇化与城乡居民收入差距

发布时间：2018-01-21 12:21

本文关键词： 城乡收入差距财政支出结构城镇化　出处：《厦门大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城乡居民收入差距过大,究其原因是农村居民收入偏低且增长缓慢,在制度层面上则是城乡二元经济结构。而本文研究的重点,落在二元经济结构环境下我国财政支出结构、城镇化与城乡收入分配的关系。本文首先对直到2013年的城乡收入差距(绝对与相对)、中央财政支出结构和城镇化率数据进行分析,直观描述三者的变化轨迹。然后理论分析得出财政支出用于人力资本投资与维护支出、社会保障支出和支持农业发展支出对城乡间收入分配状况的改善作用具有不确定性,且三者在我国甚至可能产生扩大城乡收入差距的作用。同时建立了一个简单的数理模型,基于该模型分析常住人口的城镇化与城乡收入差距的变化的逻辑关系,得出城镇化对城乡收入差距的影响是逃逸效应、摊薄效应和减负效应三者的合力。在1999到2012年的数据基础上,本文以2007年为分界点划分为两个阶段进行实证,得到如下结论：(1)财政支出结构中,人力资本支出的城市化偏向得到一定的改善,其对城乡收入差距的扩大效应已经弱化。社会保障支出仍旧扮演着扩大城乡收入差距的角色,并未发挥其在二次分配中调整社会不公平应有的作用。专门为支持农业发展的支农支出有利于改善农村的生产条件,但并未发挥对城乡收入差距应有的缩小作用。(2)1999年到2006年间,城镇化水平的提高显著地扩大了城乡收入差距；2007年到2012年间,城镇化的发展对于城乡收入差距有显著缩小的效应。从实证分析结果出发,本文有以下建议：(1)改变以GDP增长为主的地方政府政绩考核体系、推进基本公共服务均等化。(2)调整教育文化卫生支出在城乡的分配结构,为城乡人力资本的积累提供公平的环境,鼓励人力资源向农村合理回流。(3)统筹城乡社会保障发展,加快建设农村社会保障体系。(4)优化资金运用方向,并在此前提下增加支农支出。(5)推进新型城镇化建设,改革户籍制度,逐步实现人口的自由流动。
[Abstract]:The income gap between urban and rural residents is too large, the reason is that the income of rural residents is low and the growth is slow, and it is the dual economic structure of urban and rural areas on the institutional level. Under the dualistic economic structure, the relationship between the structure of fiscal expenditure, urbanization and urban and rural income distribution. This paper first analyzes the urban-rural income gap (absolute and relative), central fiscal expenditure structure and urbanization rate data until 2013. Intuitionistic description of the three changes, and then theoretical analysis of fiscal expenditure for human capital investment and maintenance expenditure. Social security expenditure and support for agricultural development expenditure on the improvement of income distribution between urban and rural areas is uncertain. At the same time, a simple mathematical model is established to analyze the logical relationship between the urbanization of resident population and the change of urban-rural income gap. It is concluded that the effect of urbanization on urban-rural income gap is the resultant force of escape effect, dilution effect and burden reduction effect. Based on the data from 1999 to 2012, this paper divides 2007 as the dividing point into two stages and obtains the following conclusion: 1) in the structure of fiscal expenditure. The urbanization of human capital expenditure has been improved to some extent, and its effect on the urban-rural income gap has been weakened. Social security expenditure still plays the role of widening the urban-rural income gap. It did not play its role of adjusting the social injustice in the secondary distribution. The agricultural support expenditure, which is dedicated to supporting agricultural development, is conducive to improving the production conditions in rural areas. However, it did not play the role of narrowing the urban-rural income gap. (2) from 1999 to 2006, the level of urbanization significantly expanded the urban-rural income gap; From 2007 to 2012, the development of urbanization has a significant narrowing effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the results of empirical analysis, this paper has the following suggestions: 1) to change the local government performance assessment system, which is dominated by the growth of GDP. Promote equalization of basic public services) adjust the distribution structure of education, culture and health expenditure in urban and rural areas, and provide a fair environment for the accumulation of human capital in urban and rural areas. Encourage human resources to return to the countryside reasonably. 3) coordinate the development of urban and rural social security, accelerate the construction of rural social security system. 4) optimize the use of funds. And under this premise, increase the expenditure of supporting agriculture. 5) promote the construction of new urbanization, reform the household registration system, and gradually realize the free movement of population.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45;F124.7;F299.21

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