基于研发经费的我国科技支出效率研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 06:35

本文关键词： 财政科技支出财政支出效率研发经费　出处：《南京财经大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代生活中,科技对于人类的帮助不言而喻,大到国计民生,小到衣食住行,科技无处不在,它存在于我们生活中的各个领域,对人类社会的发展有着深远的影响。科技对社会的发展起着巨大的推动作用,不仅体现在经济建设上,也反应在社会整体的进步上。科技是第一竞争力,世界各国都充分了解科技对本国经济、军事、政治的影响力,对科技的依赖程度也日渐增多,因而各国都相继增加科技支出,寻求区域经济社会发展新的增长点。不断加大科技支出是解决科技进步问题的一方面,更重要的是如何转变科技的发展方式。科技资金支出的规模要加大,科技支出的结构也需要不断的调整来适应国际的发展形势,只有这样才能谋求科技长足的发展,在国际竞争的舞台上也更具优势。改革开放三十多年来,我国逐渐认识到科技对经济的影响,所以不断完善科技体制,着眼于科技的发展与进步,实施了科教兴国战略等一系列国策,不断推动国家自主创新体系的建设。我国对于科技的支出规模也大大增加,不仅为我国科学技术和科研开发事业提供了稳固的资金保障,更为我国经济社会发展增添了新的活力。但是科技资金的大量投入并不一定能获得相应的收益,我国财政科技资金的投向结构不合理,目标定位不清晰,使用效率低下等问题尚处于探索讨论阶段。这些问题严重地制约着我国财政科技支出发挥其真正作用,不能很好的推动我国科技进一步发展,导致我国财政科技支出对经济社会发展影响还不够显著,对我国经济结构转型的帮助作用不大,弱化了我国经济社会可持续发展的能力。本文选取我国财政科技支出作为研究对象,并使用研发经费作为比较指标,运用比较分析法,定性分析法与定量分析法相结合的方法,从我国财政科技支出目标定位研究出发,对我国财政科技支出的规模,结构等现状进行了分析,然后对我国科技财政支出的效率进行了实证分析,并探究了我国科技支出对研发经费支出规模的影响,从而指出我国财政科技支出存在的问题,并和世界发达地区国家的科技支出在规模和结构上都进行了比较,结合发达国家政府科技支出发展的经验,提出了完善我国财政科技支出的政策建议。
[Abstract]:In modern life, it is self-evident that science and technology help mankind, from the national economy to the people's livelihood, from food, clothing, housing and transportation, science and technology everywhere, it exists in all areas of our lives, It has a profound impact on the development of human society. Science and technology play a huge role in promoting social development, not only in economic construction, but also in the progress of society as a whole. Science and technology are the first competitive power. Every country in the world is fully aware of the influence of science and technology on its economy, military and politics, and its dependence on science and technology is also increasing day by day. As a result, all countries have increased their spending on science and technology one after another. Seeking new growth points for regional economic and social development. Increasing the expenditure on science and technology is one aspect of solving the problem of scientific and technological progress. More importantly, it is how to change the mode of development of science and technology. The scale of the expenditure on science and technology funds should be increased. The structure of science and technology expenditure also needs to be constantly adjusted to adapt to the international development situation. Only in this way can we seek the rapid development of science and technology, and have more advantages on the stage of international competition. Over the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China has gradually realized the impact of science and technology on the economy, so it has continuously improved the science and technology system, focused on the development and progress of science and technology, and implemented a series of national policies such as the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. We are constantly promoting the construction of the national independent innovation system. The scale of our expenditure on science and technology has also increased greatly, which not only provides a solid financial guarantee for our country's science and technology and scientific research and development undertakings, The economic and social development of our country has added new vitality. However, a large amount of investment in science and technology funds does not necessarily yield corresponding benefits. The investment structure of our country's financial science and technology funds is unreasonable, and the target orientation is not clear. Problems such as inefficient use are still in the stage of exploration and discussion. These problems seriously restrict our fiscal expenditure on science and technology to play its real role, and can not well promote the further development of science and technology in China. As a result, the financial expenditure on science and technology in our country has not had a significant impact on economic and social development, nor has it contributed much to the transformation of the economic structure of our country. This paper selects our country's finance science and technology expenditure as the research object, and uses the research and development funds as the comparative index, uses the comparative analysis method, the qualitative analysis method and the quantitative analysis method unifies the method. Based on the research on the target orientation of fiscal expenditure of science and technology in China, this paper analyzes the scale and structure of the expenditure of science and technology in our country, and then makes an empirical analysis on the efficiency of the expenditure of science and technology in China. It also probes into the influence of our country's science and technology expenditure on the scale of R & D expenditure, and points out the problems existing in our country's fiscal science and technology expenditure, and compares the scale and structure of our country's science and technology expenditure with that of the developed countries in the world. Based on the experience of the development of government science and technology expenditure in developed countries, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for perfecting our country's fiscal science and technology expenditure.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45

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