税收、许可证与协议规则：中国最优环境政策研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 16:49

本文选题：公共政策　切入点：污染治理　出处：《南京财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在经济高速发展的当代,恶化的环境已经开始直接影响到了人类健康,进而限制了经济的可持续发展。针对这种制约人类可持续发展的问题,联合国环境保护组织已经开始呼吁全球各国统一起来并采取措施应对。那么,当前针对环境问题,国际上采取的措施主要有：排污许可证制度、碳排放交易、碳基金、“庇古税”以及排污收费制度和基于《京都议定书》的协议规则制度等。本文基于环境的纯公共物品的非竞争性和非排他性的特性,外部性理论以及可持续发展理论等基本理论基石,就治理中国环境污染问题的排污许可证制度、“庇古税”和协议规则制度、许可证制度与污染税相结合的混合制度1和污染税制度与协议规则相结合的混合制度2五种制度的经济效应和社会福利值变化进行展开分析。环境污染问题已成为中国经济发展中的突出问题,因此就如何有效的治理中国的环境问题已有很多学者提出了许多不同的建议与对策。本文的创新之处是：以污染治理的排污许可证制度、“庇古税”和协议规则制度公共政策为重要变量,构建了当前中国的宏观动态随机一般均衡模型。同时在中国的宏观经济数据的基础上,本文通过数值模拟的方法比较了三种政策的治理效应,即对于环境质量和社会总产出的经济效应研究,以及在中央和地方政府控污支出下三种政策环境治理的经济效应,并且选取“庇古税制度”下环境质量、消费和社会总产出作为观察变量,考虑各个冲击对其的波动影响。基于福利分析方法将在环境不确定性和经济不确定性变化下,排污许可证制度、“庇古税”以及排污收费制度、混合制度1和混合制度2五种制度的福利值变化的幅度以及趋势进行了政策选择研究。本文研究发现：①提高许可证的价格之后,整个社会的环境质量是下降的；②“污染税”政策对于提高环境质量具有较大的政策效应,协议规则也能够提高环境的质量。“污染税”政策的持续时间长达三十年；协议规则对环境质量的影响呈现扁平的U形态；③在不同的体制下,政府控污支出对环境质量的影响形态大致是相似的,其对社会总产出的影响也是相似的；④当经济的不确定性因素增加时,许可证制度中的社会福利是增加的,但其加大了消费的变动程度。
[Abstract]:In the high-speed economic development, the deterioration of the environment has been directly affecting human health, thus limiting the sustainable development of economy. This restricts the human sustainable development issues, the United Nations Environment Protection Organization has called on the world to unite and take measures to deal with. So, according to the current environmental problems, take the international the main measures are: emission permit system, carbon emissions trading, carbon fund, "Pigou tax" and the charging system and < Kyoto Protocol > agreement rules. In this paper, based on the pure public goods environment of non exclusive and non competitive characteristics based on the foundation of basic theory of externality theory and the theory of sustainable development so, on the environmental pollution problem Chinese emission permit system, "Pigou tax rules" and the agreement, license system and the combination of pollution tax The economic effect and the social welfare system and the mixed system of mixed 1 pollution tax system and protocol combining the rules 2 and five systems change analyze. The problem of environmental pollution has become a serious problem China in economic development, so China environment how effective governance problems many scholars have put forward many suggestions and Countermeasures the innovation of this paper is: to the pollution emission permit system, "Pigou tax rules" and the agreement of public policy is the most important, constructs the macro dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the Chinese. While basic macroeconomic data in the China on the results of numerical simulation were compared. The effect of the three treatment policy, namely for the study of the economic effects of environmental quality and the output of the society, as well as in the central and local government spending under three kinds of pollution control policy environment The effect of economic governance, and select the "Pigou tax" under the environmental quality, consumption and social total output as observation variables, considering the impact of various shocks to their volatility. Methods changes in the welfare analysis of environmental uncertainty and economic uncertainty based on the emission permit system, "Pigou tax" and sewage charges system the mixed system 1 and system 2 five mixed system of welfare value change rate and trend of the research on the choice of policy. This study found that: after improve the license price, environmental quality of the whole society is decreased; the "pollution tax" policy has significant effect for policies to improve the quality of environment, protocol rules to improve the quality of the environment. "The duration of pollution tax" policy for thirty years; the protocol rules show flat effect on environmental quality of U in different forms; Under the system of government expenditure on environmental pollution control effect of morphology and quality are generally similar, its impact on the social total output is similar; and when increased economic uncertainty, the permit system of social welfare is increased, but the increase of consumption change degree.

【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X321;F812.0

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