咸丰时期户部银库实银收支问题再研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 06:58

本文选题：咸丰时期 + 户部银库　；参考：《近代史研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：太平天国运动兴起以后,清政府因岁入锐减、支出剧增而遭遇严重的财政危机。作为全国财政运作重要组成部分的户部银库,由此陷入库储殆尽、入不敷出的绝境。面对危局,清廷不得不应急变通,一面暂弃京饷按册酌拨的旧制,改为年前一体定额预拨以期保证实银收入;一面下放军饷筹拨权限借以息肩。此外,裁减俸饷、铸造大钱、颁发票钞、举办捐铜等补苴权宜之计渐次施行,勉力维持收支平衡。咸丰后期,户部银库实银收支均呈回升之势,票钞大钱所占比例逐渐下降。随着内外环境的巨大变化,清政府财政逐渐脱逸旧轨,户部银库的实银收支内容与数量发生了一定程度的变化,其在全国财政运作与经费调度中的重要性也大为下降。
[Abstract]:After the rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the Qing government suffered a serious financial crisis because of the sharp decline in revenue and the sharp increase in expenditure.As an important part of the national financial operation, the household treasury has fallen into a desperate situation.In the face of crisis, the Qing government had to adapt to the emergency, on the one hand, temporarily abandoned the old system of Beijing pay according to the book, and changed to an integrated quota pre-allocation before the year in order to ensure the real silver income; on the other hand, the Qing government had to transfer the power to pay salaries to relieve the burden.In addition, the temporary measures of reducing salaries and salaries, casting large amounts of money, issuing banknotes, holding donations of copper, etc., were implemented gradually to maintain a balance of income and expenditure.Xianfeng late, the bank account for real silver receipts and payments are rebounding trend, the proportion of large bills gradually decreased.With the great changes of the internal and external environment, the finance of the Qing government gradually deviated from the old track, and the contents and the quantity of the real silver revenue and expenditure of the household treasury changed to a certain extent, and its importance in the national financial operation and the fund scheduling also decreased greatly.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院近代史系;
【分类号】：F812.9;K252

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