越南革新开放以来扶贫政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 09:39

本文选题：扶贫 + 政策　；参考：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：21世纪是全球经济、科技、社会飞速发展的时代,然而,贫困依然是困扰世界各国尤其是第三世界国家实现经济增长、社会进步、人民安居乐业等发展目标的一大难题。越南作为众多发展中国家的一员,在长期的社会主义建设过程中不断探索适合本国国情的道路,并取得了一系列成效。回顾革新开放,越南的扶贫工作取得了重大的成绩,人民的生活质量得到了很大的改善和提高。根据越南统计总局的数据显示,过去二十年,越南全国的贫困人口占全国总人口的比重连续下降,从1993年的58%下降到2010年的14.20%,这是在越南党和政府的正确领导下取得的重大成绩。然而,在取得较好扶贫工作成绩的同时,越南的经济发展仍然存在不少的问题,这是我们应该予以重视,并予以解决的。本文主要用文献分析法、比较分析法、历史分析法等研究方法对越南当前的贫困状况,越南革新开放以来扶贫政策的基本概况进行详细地梳理与回顾,阐述越南革新开放以来扶贫工作取得的巨大成就,分析这一时期扶贫政策存在的不足,包括：扶贫动力靠行政权威,人民参与主动性不强；注重进行输血式扶贫,忽视造血能力的提高；偏重进行物质的扶贫,忽略精神层面的解放；扶贫资金不足,缺乏足够的保障力度等方面,并从政府管理模式因素、政策制定者与执行者因素、公民社会发展因素、贫困者自身素质等角度对越南扶贫政策存在不足的原因进行分析,在借鉴中国扶贫政策经验的基础上,对越南扶贫政策的优化提出个人见解,包括转变政府职能,改善政府管理体制；完善市场经济体制,加快国民经济转型；加强非政府组织引导,发挥民间力量的作用；增强贫困者自身能力,突出贫困者扶贫主体地位；加强扶贫工作的监督管理,落实扶贫工作责任机制；完善公共服务和社会保障制度,减少“返贫”现象的发生等。
[Abstract]:The 21st century is the era of the rapid development of the global economy, science and technology, and society. However, poverty is still a major problem that puzzles countries in the world, especially in the third world, to achieve economic growth, social progress, people living and working in peace and contentment, and so on. Vietnam, as a member of many developing countries, has made a series of achievements in the long-term socialist construction. Looking back at the reform and opening up, Vietnam has made great achievements in helping the poor, and the quality of life of the people has been greatly improved. According to statistics from Vietnam's General Bureau of Statistics, in the past two decades, the proportion of the poor population in Vietnam as a whole has continuously decreased. That fell from 58% in 1993 to 14.20% in 2010, a major achievement under the correct leadership of the Vietnamese party and government. However, while making good achievements in poverty alleviation, there are still many problems in Vietnam's economic development, which we should attach importance to and solve. This article mainly uses the literature analysis method, the comparative analysis method, the historical analysis method and so on research method to the Vietnam present poverty situation, Vietnam since the reform and opening to the outside world basic survey carries on the detailed combing and the review. This paper expounds the great achievements in poverty alleviation since Vietnam's reform and opening up, and analyzes the shortcomings of poverty alleviation policies in this period, including: the power of poverty alleviation depends on administrative authority, the people's participation in the initiative is not strong, and the emphasis on blood transfusion poverty alleviation, Neglecting the improvement of hematopoietic ability, focusing on material poverty alleviation, neglecting the liberation of spiritual level, insufficient funds for poverty alleviation, lack of sufficient guarantee, etc., and from the factors of government management mode, policy makers and implementers, etc. From the perspective of the factors of civil society development and the quality of the poor themselves, this paper analyzes the reasons for the shortage of poverty alleviation policies in Vietnam. On the basis of drawing lessons from the experiences of China's poverty alleviation policies, it puts forward personal opinions on the optimization of poverty alleviation policies in Vietnam. These include changing government functions, improving government management systems, perfecting the market economy system, speeding up the transformation of the national economy, strengthening the guidance of non-governmental organizations and giving full play to the role of non-governmental forces; and enhancing the capacity of the poor themselves. We should stress the status of the poor as the main body of poverty alleviation, strengthen the supervision and management of poverty alleviation work, implement the mechanism of responsibility for poverty alleviation work, perfect the public service and social security system, and reduce the occurrence of the phenomenon of "returning to poverty".
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F813.33;F333.3

【参考文献】