我国政府购买养老服务的资金管理体系研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 03:46

本文选题：政府 + 购买服务　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：按照人口老龄化的标准，我国在2000年就进入了人口老龄化社会。随着独生子女的父母逐渐迈入老年，“4+2+1”家庭结构使得传统的家庭养老功能弱化，人口老龄化加速发展，老年人口基数大、增长快并日益呈现高龄化、空巢化趋势，这些显著的特点使得我国的养老现状具有“中国特色”，并且已经成为一个突出的社会问题，养老服务供需矛盾日益突出。政府作为公共服务的提供者，通常是举办生产养老服务的机构，，再通过这些机构向公众提供服务。由于政府专业化、批量化程度有限，这种传统的行政服务体制存在着存在投入大、效率低、周期长等缺陷。养老资源分配存在着严重的不平衡，政府兴办的很多公办养老机构条件优越，却只能满足少数有钱人，普通百姓很难进入，“住不起”、“等不起”、就近养老难等养老问题突出。当社会上大部分老人尚未能颐养天年之际，我们期待政府更多的“雪中送炭”而非“锦上添花”。为解决社会养老问题，政府应当探索一种新的养老服务提供模式，来满足日益增长的养老服务需求和多层次的要求。购买养老服务就是由政府提供资金或优惠政策，如直接购买、免费提供场地、减免相关税费、补贴、赋予资格等，由具备资质的社会机构和组织进行服务的提供。这种方式实现了政府主导下养老服务的多元化供给，促进了养老资源的优化配置，能够满足不同层次养老服务需求。社会组织具有公益性和非营利性，服务更加专业化，在提供养老服务方面的优势突出，成为政府重要的合作伙伴。近几年，政府出台了一系列政策鼓励社会力量兴办养老服务机构，各地政府也积极进行探索和实践，购买养老服务这一方式得到了发展，同时仍存在诸多问题，如资金投入不足、管理不规范、缺少评价和监督等机制，提高资金的使用效率进而提高养老服务质量是关键问题。本文拟从当前老龄化形势严峻下政府如何满足养老需求为切入点，以新公共管理理论、新公共服务理论、治理理论等理论为基础，结合服务型政府建设的要求，对政府购买养老服务的资金管理进行深入研究，探索出政府购买养老服务资金管理的框架，提高政府资金使用效率，带动更多社会资金投入到公共服务领域。根据不同的养老服务需求对老年人群进行分层，探索不同的购买养老服务模式。通过对案例进行分析，并结合国内外实践经验，对政府购买服务的资金管理问题尝试系统性研究，以资金使用的绩效为导向，讨论政府资金如何筹集、配置、控制、评价、监督，为建立政府购买养老服务的资金管理长效机制提出设想，从而建立更加科学、规范、有效的政府购买养老服务体系。
[Abstract]:According to the standard of population aging, our country entered the aging society in 2000. With the parents of the only child gradually stepping into old age, "421" family structure weakens the traditional family pension function, accelerates the development of the aging population, increases rapidly and presents the trend of empty nesting. These remarkable characteristics make the present situation of the aged in our country have the "Chinese characteristic", and have already become a prominent social problem, the contradiction between the supply and demand of the old-age service is becoming more and more prominent. Governments, as providers of public services, usually run institutions that produce pension services, through which they provide services to the public. Due to the specialization of the government and the limited degree of mass, the traditional administrative service system has some defects, such as large investment, low efficiency and long period. There is a serious imbalance in the distribution of endowment resources. Many of the public pension institutions set up by the government have favorable conditions, but they can only satisfy a small number of people with money. It is very difficult for ordinary people to enter, "can't afford to live," and "can't afford to wait." Pension problems such as pension difficulties in the vicinity are prominent. At a time when most elderly people in society are not yet able to survive, we expect the government to provide more "carbon in the snow" than "icing on the cake." In order to solve the problem of social old-age care, the government should explore a new mode of providing old-age services to meet the increasing demand for pension services and multi-level requirements. The purchase of old-age service is provided by the government to provide funds or preferential policies, such as direct purchase, free provision of space, exemption from related taxes, subsidies, qualifications, and so on, by qualified social institutions and organizations to provide services. This way realizes the diversified supply of pension services under the guidance of the government, promotes the optimal allocation of pension resources, and can meet the needs of different levels of pension services. The social organization has the public welfare and the non-profit, the service is more specialized, in provides the old-age service aspect superiority outstanding, becomes the government important cooperative partner. In recent years, the government has issued a series of policies to encourage social forces to set up old-age service institutions. Local governments have also actively explored and implemented the method of purchasing old-age care services. At the same time, there are still many problems. Such as insufficient investment, non-standard management, lack of evaluation and supervision mechanism, improve the efficiency of the use of funds and improve the quality of pension services are the key issues. Based on the new public management theory, the new public service theory, the governance theory and the requirements of the service-oriented government construction, this paper intends to start with the austere aging situation of the government how to meet the needs of the old-age care, and based on the new public management theory, the new public service theory and the governance theory. This paper makes a deep study on the fund management of the government purchasing pension service, explores the framework of the government to purchase the pension service fund management, improves the efficiency of the use of government funds, and drives more social funds into the field of public service. According to different needs of old-age services, the elderly are stratified to explore different modes of purchasing old-age services. By analyzing the case and combining the domestic and foreign experience, this paper tries to systematically study the fund management of the government purchase service, and discusses how to raise, allocate, control and evaluate the government funds, taking the performance of the use of the funds as the guide, to discuss how to raise, allocate, control and evaluate the government funds. Supervision, for the establishment of the government to purchase pension services long-term management mechanism of the assumption, so as to establish a more scientific, standardized, effective government purchase pension service system.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.45;D669.6

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