中国农村财政支出的减贫作用机制及效果研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 08:09

本文选题：财政支出 + 农村贫困　；参考：《东北师范大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：贫困一直是经济学家们研究的重要课题。如果一个国家贫困人口占有较大的比重，不仅影响该国的经济增长，而且还影响社会的稳定。市场经济是一种优胜劣汰，适者生存的经济，而贫困不仅是市场效率问题，更是收入分配的公平问题，解决贫困问题需要兼顾市场机制与政府调控的双重作用。政府作为公共资源配置的主体，党的十八届三中全会特别强调财政转移支付对农村贫困的调节作用。因此，反贫困是政府不可推卸的责任，也是实现我国社会主义共同富裕的基本要求，所以，探讨我国财政支出的减贫效果具有非常重要的意义。本文以财政支出视角研究农村贫困问题。通过构建财政支出、经济增长与农村贫困作用的理论模型，运用实证研究方法验证财政支出的减贫效果。本文采用理论分析与实证分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、规范分析与政策分析相结合的方法，完成如下主要研究内容。第一，财政支出与农村贫困关系的理论阐释。分别从发展经济学、政治经济学、人口学、社会学等学科对贫困理论、贫困的内涵、类型及测量方法进行梳理；从西方经济学、财政学角度对财政支出理论进行归纳，对本文所涉及的财政支出概念与类型进行科学界定，并选择与贫困相关的财政支出作为本文的财政支出尺度，为本文的研究奠定理论基础。第二，我国财政支出与农村贫困的现状及关系。首先，总结我国财政支出规模和结构的变化，对各省财政支出进行比较，分析我国财政支出的变化趋势；其次，根据宏观统计数据测算我国农村贫困率，明确我国农村的贫困程度和贫困分布及贫困特征；最后，研究财政支出与农村贫困的关系，分析财政支出与农村贫困的变化规律，将各省财政支出规模进行聚类，并结合各省农村的贫困程度比较各省财政支出与农村贫困的省际差距。第三，财政支出、经济增长与农村贫困的理论构建。基于基础理论，首先，总结农村减贫因素；然后，分析财政支出、经济增长对农村贫困的作用机制，明确财政支出如何影响农村贫困，构建财政支出、经济增长与农村贫困三者相互作用的理论模型，，为后续的实证研究奠定理论基础。第四，财政支出减贫效果的实证研究。依据财政支出、经济增长与农村贫困的理论模型，从直接和间接两条路径验证不同类型财政支出规模和结构对农村贫困的影响，并比较各类财政支出对各类农村贫困的贡献度。以微观调查数据为基础，定量分析财政转移支付的减贫效果，对宏观数据的验证结果进行进一步的佐证。第五，国外农村反贫困措施的经验借鉴。首先，总结日本、印度、美国等发达国家和发展中国家在反贫困过程中，缓解绝对贫困和相对贫困方面的主要措施；其次，分析日本、印度、美国等国家在反贫困过程中的成功经验；最后，探讨国外反贫困措施对我国农村缓解绝对贫困和相对贫困的经验借鉴。最后，本文研究结论与政府建议。根据理论分析与定量分析的结果，探讨我国财政支出实现持续减贫的可行性途径，并提出经济开发+能力开发+社会保障并重的反贫困措施。
[Abstract]:Poverty has always been an important topic for economists' research. If a country has a large proportion of poor people, it not only affects the economic growth of the country, but also affects the stability of the society. The market economy is a survival of the fittest, the survival of the fittest, and poverty is not only the problem of the efficiency of the market, but also the fair problem of the distribution of income. The problem of poverty needs both the market mechanism and the government regulation. As the main body of the allocation of public resources, the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee emphasizes the role of fiscal transfer payment on rural poverty. Therefore, anti poverty is the government's inshirkable responsibility and the basic requirement to realize the common prosperity of socialism in China. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the effect of fiscal expenditure on poverty reduction in China.
This paper studies rural poverty from the perspective of financial expenditure. Through the construction of the theoretical model of fiscal expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty, this paper uses empirical research to verify the effect of financial expenditure on poverty reduction. This paper combines theoretical analysis with empirical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, normative analysis and policy analysis. The following main research contents are completed by the method of combining.
First, the theoretical interpretation of the relationship between financial expenditure and rural poverty. From the development economics, political economics, demography, sociology and other disciplines, the theory of poverty, the connotation, types and methods of poverty are combed. The theory of financial expenditure is summarized from the perspective of western economics and finance, and the financial expenditure involved in this article is discussed. We should make a scientific definition of the type and choose the financial expenditure related to poverty as the financial expenditure scale of this paper, which will lay a theoretical foundation for this study.
Second, the current situation and relationship between China's financial expenditure and rural poverty. First, we sum up the changes in the scale and structure of our financial expenditure, compare the financial expenditure of all provinces, analyze the change trend of our financial expenditure; secondly, calculate the poor rural poverty rate in China according to the macro statistical data, and make clear the poverty degree and the distribution of poverty in the rural areas of China. In the end, we study the relationship between financial expenditure and rural poverty, analyze the changing rules of financial expenditure and rural poverty, cluster the scale of financial expenditure in each province, and compare the inter provincial gap between the provincial financial expenditure and the rural poverty in combination with the poverty degree of the provinces in the provinces.
Third, financial expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty theory construction. Based on basic theory, first, summarize the factors of rural poverty reduction; then, analyze the financial expenditure, the mechanism of economic growth on rural poverty, how financial expenditure affects rural poverty, Gou Jiancai's government expenditure, economic growth and the interaction of three rural poverty in rural areas. The model lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical research.
Fourth, an empirical study of the effect of financial expenditure on poverty reduction. Based on the theoretical model of financial expenditure, economic growth and rural poverty, the impact of the scale and structure of different types of financial expenditure on the rural poverty is verified from the direct and indirect two paths, and the contribution of various kinds of financial expenditure to various rural poverty is compared. Based on the microcosmic survey data On the basis of quantitative analysis of the effect of financial transfer payment on poverty reduction, the verification results of macro data are further corroborated.
Fifth, the experience of foreign rural anti poverty measures. First, summarize the main measures to alleviate absolute poverty and relative poverty in the anti poverty process of developed countries and developing countries such as Japan, India, the United States and other developing countries. Secondly, analyze the successful experience of Japan, India, the United States and other countries in the process of anti poverty; finally, discuss the foreign counter measures. The experience of poverty measures in alleviating absolute poverty and relative poverty in China's rural areas.
Finally, this paper studies the conclusion and the government proposal. Based on the results of theoretical analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper discusses the feasible way to realize the sustained poverty reduction in China's financial expenditure, and puts forward the anti poverty measures which are equal to the economic development + capacity development + social security.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.8;F323.8

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