我国生态补偿横向转移支付制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 00:33

本文选题：生态补偿 + 横向转移支付　；参考：《中国财政科学研究院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国经济在积累了丰富物质财富的同时,给生态环境的可持续发展带来了巨大压力,生态环境的持续恶化成为经济社会发展的瓶颈。生态补偿横向转移支付制度是指在生态资源社会实践中处在生态位势较高的地区向处在较低生态位势的地区进行的财力转移,同时鼓励保护生态环境资源区域,惩罚污染生态环境资源的区域,实现社会经济和生态的均衡发展。完善生态补偿横向转移支付制度,是我国生态文明建设的重要举措,是政府生态治理理论与绿色发展理念的要求,关乎到人民的福祉与民族的未来,有助于生态环境的恢复与保护,实现地区间生态环境资源的最优配置,使我国真正走上可持续发展之路。以德国为代表的成熟市场经济国家在生态补偿横向转移支付制度方面早已取得了一定成绩,而我国的具体实践起步于上世纪90年代三峡库区的对口支援,经过近三十年的发展才扩展到跨流域地区之间的横向转移支付。2011年,我国首个跨流域横向生态补偿试点——新安江生态补偿试点启动,浙江与安徽两省在中央财政的支持下沟通协调,全国第一个跨流域横向生态补偿成功施行,推动了流域间横向转移支付制度在全国范围内的建立。2016年财政部配合环保部将跨流域生态补偿试点扩展到广西广东九洲江、江西广东东江等流域,建立一套完整的上下游流域间的横向生态补偿机制指日可待。本文按照“理论分析——我国初步实践现状——案例分析——国际经验借鉴——对策建议”的逻辑思路展开。在通过分析公共物品理论、外部性理论和生态价值论的基础上,从三峡库区对口支援、汶川特大自然灾害帮扶机制和新安江等省际间流域生态补偿三个方面对我国生态补偿横向转移支付的探索进行了分析,并指出实践过程中存在事权与支出责任划分不清晰、协商成本与交易成本高等的不足之处。然后,以南水北调中线工程为例分析了京津地区对汉江中下游地区生态补偿横向转移支付制度的具体实践,从实施效果与问题中学习借鉴相关经验。此外,国际上德国、日本、美国成功实践的宝贵经验也为我国今后完善生态补偿横向转移制度提供了帮助。最后综合前五部分的阐述与分析,结合我国生态环境的具体情况,阐明我国建立生态补偿横向转移支付制度要划分生态补偿事权与支出责任、明确定位、优化补偿范围和补偿标准、完善立法和建立绩效评价机制等建议。
[Abstract]:China's economy has accumulated rich material wealth, at the same time, it has brought great pressure to the sustainable development of ecological environment, and the continuous deterioration of ecological environment has become the bottleneck of economic and social development. The horizontal transfer payment system of ecological compensation refers to the transfer of financial resources from areas with high ecological potential to areas with lower ecological potential in the practice of ecological resources society, and encourages the regions of protecting ecological environment resources at the same time. Punish the region that pollutes the ecological environment resources, realize the balanced development of social economy and ecology. Perfecting the ecological compensation lateral transfer payment system is an important measure in the construction of ecological civilization in our country. It is the requirement of the theory of government ecological governance and the concept of green development, and relates to the well-being of the people and the future of the nation. It is helpful to the restoration and protection of ecological environment, to realize the optimal allocation of ecological environment resources among regions, and to make our country embark on the road of sustainable development. Mature market economy countries, represented by Germany, have already made certain achievements in the ecological compensation lateral transfer payment system. However, the concrete practice of our country started from the counterpart support of the three Gorges Reservoir area in the 1990s. After nearly 30 years of development, it has been extended to the horizontal transfer payment between the cross-basin regions. In 2011, the first cross-basin horizontal ecological compensation pilot, Xinanjiang Ecological compensation pilot, was launched in China. Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, supported by the central finance, have communicated and coordinated, and the country's first cross-basin horizontal ecological compensation has been successfully implemented. In 2016, the Ministry of Finance, in cooperation with the Ministry of Environmental Protection, expanded the pilot project of cross-basin ecological compensation to such watersheds as Jiuzhou River in Guangxi Province, Dongjiang River in Guangdong Province, and Dongjiang River in Jiangxi Province. The establishment of a complete horizontal ecological compensation mechanism between upstream and downstream watersheds is imminent. This paper is based on the logical thinking of "theoretical analysis-the present situation of our country's preliminary practice-case analysis-international experience reference-countermeasures and suggestions". On the basis of analyzing the theory of public goods, the theory of externality and the theory of ecological value, from the three Gorges Reservoir area, In this paper, the mechanism of helping special natural disasters in Wenchuan and ecological compensation of inter-provincial watershed, such as Xinanjiang River, are analyzed in this paper, and it is pointed out that the division of responsibility between right and expenditure is not clear in the process of practice. The inadequacies of negotiation cost and transaction cost. Then, taking the middle route project of South-to-North Water transfer Project as an example, the paper analyzes the concrete practice of the horizontal transfer payment system of ecological compensation in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River in Beijing and Tianjin, and learns relevant experience from the implementation effect and problems. In addition, the valuable experience of successful practice in Germany, Japan and the United States in the world also provides help for our country to perfect the horizontal transfer system of ecological compensation in the future. Finally, by synthesizing the exposition and analysis of the first five parts, combined with the specific situation of ecological environment in China, it is expounded that the establishment of ecological compensation lateral transfer payment system in our country should divide the right of ecological compensation and the responsibility of expenditure, and clearly define the position. Optimize the compensation range and compensation standards, perfect legislation and establish performance evaluation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：中国财政科学研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F812.45

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