毕节试验区财政支农支出的农村减贫效应研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 00:21

本文选题：毕节试验区 + 财政支农支出　；参考：《西南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：贫困是世界各国都存在的一个严峻问题,而农村人口占据贫困人口的绝大部分。我国是一个农业大国,农业是国民经济的基础,我国农村人口占总人口的47.43%,贫困人口近1亿人,加快农业发展速度、提高农民生活水平、减少农村贫困发生率是我国这样一个农业大国在社会主义初级阶段实现经济可持续发展的重要任务。农业的基础性地位是我国政府长期以来一直强调的,政府也一直致力于减缓农村贫困的事业。改革开放以来,中国的贫困人口大幅度减少,但在一些经济落后地区仍然存在严重的贫困问题。农业的外部性和弱质性决定了农村的发展和农民的增收离不开政府的重视与支持,而财政支农支出是国家对农村农业的主要政策支持。贵州省地处云贵高原东部,是传统的农业省,具有典型的喀斯特地形地貌特征。由于历史、地理、交通等诸多因素影响,贵州成为我国较为贫困的省份之一。毕节地区位于贵州省西北部,是贵州省最落后贫困的地区之一,8个县中有5个是国家级贫困县。毕节试验区成立25年来,毕节的农村贫困明显得到缓解,但与全国其他地区相比仍然存在差距,减贫的进程仍然面临许多制约。农村贫困的减少关系到社会经济的稳定协调发展,地方政府资金对农业的财政支持,对农村发展、农业进步、农民增收起着极为关键和重要的作用,对农村贫困的减缓起着重要的保障和支持作用。2002年以来,毕节试验区公共财政用于农村主要公共物品的支出一直呈现快速增长趋势。财政支农支出在绝对量上有了较大的提高,但在相对量上还是明显不足,财政支农支出规模表现出不稳定性。从财政支农支出结构上来说,虽然农业基本建设支出占财政支农支出的比重较大,有利于农村基础设施的建设,为农业发展、农民增收创造了条件。农村救济费的比重一直以来就比较低,这对试验区农业经济的长远发展,农民生活水平的稳步提高也会产生一定的负面影响。农业科技三项费一直处于四者中最低的位置,在1%-3%之间变动,这不利于农业发展的现代化进程,不利于农业经济的增长。由于毕节试验区的财政支农支出在规模、结构上存在着一些问题,使其未能充分地发挥推动农业经济发展、增加农民收入、减少贫困发生的作用。近年来贫困人口和贫困发生率都呈现下降趋势。但直到今天,880万口人的毕节中仍有超过200万的贫困人口,毕节试验区的贫困状况依然严峻。本文对毕节试验区各区县在2002—2012年农村贫困发生率和财政支农支出的面板数据进行分析,建立PANEL DATA模型探讨毕节试验区财政支农支出各子项目对农村减贫的影响,对各个渠道支农支出所取得的减贫效应大小进行评价,并根据实证分析的结果提出相关建议。本文研究结论指出,毕节试验区财政用于农业的各项支出对农民纯收入和降低农村贫困发生率均有影响,支援农村生产支出和农业基本建设支出对农民纯收入和降低农村贫困发生率的影响较大。支援农业生产支出用于支持农村发展生产,在短时间内能直接作用于农业生产,提高农业生产效率,增加农民收入,减少农村贫困的发生。农业基本建设支出在促进农村公路、农业水利设施等基础设施建设和农业综合开发的基础上,带动了农村经济的发展,为农民提供了更多获得收入的渠道。这表明农村经济发展对农村基础设施具有较强的依赖性。农村救济费对农民收入增加和降低农村贫困发生率的影响很弱。农业科技三项经费对农民纯收入和降低农村贫困发生率的影响弱。本文的最后,从优化财政支农支出结构,提高财政支农支出效率,深化支农资金管理体制机制改革等方面对毕节试验区财政支农支出提出了相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Poverty is a serious problem in all countries of the world, and the rural population occupies the vast majority of the poor. China is a large agricultural country, agriculture is the basis of the national economy, China's rural population accounts for 47.43% of the total population and nearly 100 million people in poverty, speeding up the speed of agricultural development, raising the living standard of farmers, and reducing the incidence of rural poverty. Rate is an important task for a large agricultural country such as our country to achieve sustainable economic development at the primary stage of socialism. The basic status of agriculture is a long-term emphasis that our government has been emphasizing, and the government has been working to alleviate the cause of poverty in rural areas. Since the reform and opening up, the poor population in China has been greatly reduced, but in some economies. There are still serious problems of poverty in the backward areas. The external and weak nature of agriculture determines the development of rural areas and the increase of farmers' income can not be separated from the government's attention and support, and the financial support for agriculture is the main policy support for rural agriculture. Guizhou province is located in the east of Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, a traditional agricultural province, and a typical Karst province. Due to many factors such as history, geography and traffic, Guizhou has become one of the poorer provinces in China. Bijie is located in the northwest of Guizhou Province, one of the most backward and poor areas in Guizhou Province, and 5 of the 8 counties are national poor counties. In the 25 year of the establishment of the Bijie experimental area, the rural poverty in Bijie has been obviously slowed down. But there is still a gap compared with other parts of the country, and the process of poverty reduction still faces many constraints.
The reduction of poverty in rural areas is related to the stable and coordinated development of social economy, the financial support of local government funds to agriculture, the critical and important role for rural development, agricultural progress and farmers' income increase, and plays an important role in the mitigation of rural poverty. Since.2002 years, the public finance of the Bijie experimental area is used in rural areas. The expenditure of main public goods has been increasing rapidly. The expenditure of financial support to agriculture has been greatly improved in absolute quantity, but the relative amount is still obviously insufficient. The scale of financial support for agriculture is unstable. From the structure of financial support to agriculture, although the expenditure of agricultural basic construction accounts for a large proportion of the expenditure of financial support. It is conducive to the construction of rural infrastructure, which creates conditions for the development of agriculture and the increase of farmers' income. The proportion of rural relief costs has been relatively low. This will also have a negative impact on the long-term development of the agricultural economy in the experimental area and the steady improvement of the living standards of farmers. The three costs of agricultural science and technology have been in the lowest position among the four. The change between 1%-3% is not conducive to the modernization of agricultural development, which is not conducive to the growth of agricultural economy. There are some problems in the structure of the financial support for agriculture in the Bijie experimental area, which can not fully play the role of promoting the development of agricultural economy, increasing the income of farmers and reducing poverty. And the incidence of poverty is declining. But to this day, more than 2 million of the 8 million 800 thousand people in Bijie still have a poor population, and poverty in the Bijie test area is still grim.
In this paper, the panel data of the rural poverty rate and financial support expenditure in the Bijie experimental area from 2002 to 2012 are analyzed, and the PANEL DATA model is established to explore the impact of the sub projects of financial support expenditure on the rural poverty reduction in the Bijie experimental area. The results of the empirical analysis put forward relevant suggestions. The conclusion of this paper is that the expenditure on agriculture in the Bijie experimental area has an impact on the farmers' income and the incidence of rural poverty. The support of rural production expenditure and agricultural infrastructure expenditure has great influence on the farmers' income and the incidence of rural poverty. Industrial production expenditure is used to support rural development and production. In a short time, it can directly affect agricultural production, improve agricultural production efficiency, increase farmers' income, and reduce the incidence of rural poverty. Agricultural basic construction expenditure has driven rural areas on the basis of infrastructure construction and comprehensive agricultural development, such as rural roads, agricultural water conservancy facilities and agricultural comprehensive development. The development of the economy provides more channels for farmers to obtain income. This shows that the rural economic development has a strong dependence on rural infrastructure. The effect of rural relief fees on the increase of farmers' income and the incidence of rural poverty is very weak. The effect of agricultural science and technology three funds on the farmers' net income and the incidence of rural poverty reduction At the end of this paper, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward from the aspects of optimizing the expenditure structure of financial support for agriculture, raising the efficiency of financial support for agriculture and deepening the reform of the management system and mechanism of the fund management of the Bijie experimental area.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.8;F323.8

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