论我国政府采购法律制度的完善

发布时间：2018-06-26 10:33

本文选题：政府采购 + 法律制度　；参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：政府采购伴随国家的产生而产生,现代意义上的政府采购制度肇始于18世纪末19世纪初,目前主要发达国家均已建立了成熟的政府采购制度,一些国际组织也发布了政府采购的国际性规则。中国政府采购立法起始于20世纪90年代,目前也建立了一套系统的政府采购制度,但无论是在立法思路、立法模式、价值目标和基本原则上,还是在政府采购的适用范围、采购方式和程序、监督救济等具体制度上均存在诸多缺陷,致使实践运行中暴露出诸多问题,严重制约政府采购制度目标之达成。在贸易自由化背景下,政府采购市场国际化也呼吁政府采购立法的国际化,这对我国政府采购的立法完善提出了新的课题和挑战。为此,本文以“论我国政府采购法律制度的完善”为题,探讨中国政府采购法律制度的完善。本文秉承对政府采购的全过程规制、以多元法律部门协调规制的思路,兼具国内法与国际法的双重视角,综合运用文献分析、比较研究、价值分析、规范分析、历史分析等研究方法,尝试提出一套系统科学的政府采购法律制度的完善建议。本文除绪论和结语部分外,主要包括以下五章：第一章,政府采购与法律规制。政府采购与法律规制是否以及如何发生关联,是本文首要探讨之问题。本章首先解决“什么是政府采购”这一问题,包括政府采购的概念、功能和法律性质等。在此基础上,分析为什么政府采购需要法律规制,并分析主要国家及国际组织关于政府采购法律规制的发展概况。最后,本章重点立足于中国实践,分析我国政府采购法律规制的实践,指出我国政府采购法律制度实践运行中面临的诸多挑战和困境,并引出我国政府采购法律制度改革之迫切性这一议题。第二章,重构政府采购立法的总体设计原则。政府采购立法应秉承何种立法思路,采取何种立法模式,政府采购建制的价值目标是什么,应贯彻哪些基本法律原则等,这些都是我国政府采购法律制度完善的基本问题,本章予以探讨。本章首先分析当前政府采购的立法思路弊端,进而提出完善政府采购制度的两大立法思路。其次,本章剖析了我国当前政府采购的立法模式,指出《政府采购法》与《招标投标法》分散立法模式的诸多缺陷,进而提出从分散立法向统一立法模式转型这一结论性观点。在此基础上,本章探讨了我国政府采购立法的价值目标和基本原则,提出我国政府采购立法宗旨和基本原则的优化建议。本章关于政府采购法律制度的总体设计原则,为后文政府采购制度的具体建构和实践提供了观念和价值指引,至为关键和重要。第三章,政府采购的适用范围。政府采购的适用范围决定政府采购法律制度的适用范围和幅度,是政府采购建制与完善之首要问题。本章首先分析关于政府采购适用范围的国际经验,剖析确定政府采购适用范围的几大要素。以此为基础,本章立足于中国,探讨了我国《政府采购法》关于政府采购适用范围的立法规定,并分析其中的立法缺陷,提出完善中国政府采购适用范围制度的建议。按政府采购国际规制的逻辑,采购主体、采购客体(对象)、采购客体之门槛金额及适用除外等要素一并构成对政府采购适用范围之界定,其中采购客体之门槛金额系对采购客体的量化,适用除外系对采购客体概括性规定之例外,均属于采购客体的范畴。故本章从采购主体和采购客体两大方面探讨政府采购的适用范围。第四章,政府采购的方式与程序。政府采购采取何种方式、遵循何种程序,是政府采购建制目的、价值原则得以落实的具体媒介,政府采购的方式与程序也成为政府采购法律制度的核心。本章首先分析关于政府采购方式与程序的国际经验,从中借鉴有益的经验。在此基础上,以政府采购规制的国际经验为依据,首先探讨了我国关于政府采购方式的立法规定,并分析其中的立法缺陷,提出完善中国政府采购方式的制度建议。其次,本章探讨我国关于政府采购程序的立法规定,分析其立法缺陷,并提出完善建议。第五章,政府采购的救济与监督。“无救济,即无权利”,政府采购的救济和监督是政府采购核心程序之逻辑延伸,救济和监督制度也是政府采购制度的重要一环。本章以相关国际规则关于政府采购救济的立法经验为中国借鉴,分析我国政府采购救济制度的立法规定及其缺陷,并提出完善政府采购救济制度的立法建议。进而,本章探讨了我国政府采购监督制度的立法规定,指出其中的立法缺陷,同时提出相应的完善建议。
[Abstract]:Government procurement came into being with the emergence of the state. In the modern sense, the government procurement system began in the late eighteenth Century and early nineteenth Century. At present, the major developed countries have established a mature government procurement system, and some international organizations have also issued the international rules of government procurement. A system of systematic government procurement system has been established. However, there are many defects in the specific system, such as the legislative train of thought, legislative mode, value goal and basic principles, the scope of application of government procurement, procurement methods and procedures, supervision and relief and other specific systems, which exposes many problems in practice and restricts the government procurement system seriously. In the context of trade liberalization, the internationalization of government procurement market also calls for the internationalization of government procurement legislation, which puts forward new challenges and challenges for the legislative perfection of our government procurement. Therefore, this paper, on the topic of "perfecting the legal system of our government procurement", explores the perfection of the legal system of Chinese government procurement. This paper, adhering to the whole process regulation of government procurement, takes the thought of coordinating regulation in multiple legal departments, and has dual perspectives of domestic law and international law, and comprehensively uses literature analysis, comparative research, value analysis, normative analysis and historical analysis, and tries to put forward a set of systematic and scientific suggestions for the perfection of the legal system of government procurement. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper consists of the following five chapters.
The first chapter, government procurement and legal regulation. Whether government procurement and legal regulation and how to relate, is the first question in this paper. This chapter first solves the issue of "what is government procurement", including the concept, function and legal nature of government procurement. On this basis, it analyses why government procurement needs legal regulation. In the end, this chapter focuses on the practice of China, analyzes the practice of the legal regulation of government procurement in China, points out the challenges and difficulties faced by the practice of the government procurement legal system in China, and leads to the reform of the legal system of government procurement in China. The urgency of this issue.
The second chapter reconstructs the general design principle of government procurement legislation. What kind of legislative thinking should be taken by government procurement legislation, what kind of legislative model should be adopted, what are the value targets of government procurement and the basic legal principles to be carried out, these are the basic problems in the perfection of our government procurement legal system. This chapter is the first chapter of this chapter. First, it analyzes the drawbacks of the current legislative ideas of government procurement, and then puts forward two legislative ideas to improve the government procurement system. Secondly, this chapter analyzes the legislative mode of the current government procurement in China, points out the shortcomings of the decentralized legislation mode of the "government procurement law" and the "tendering and Bidding Law", and then puts forward the transfer from the decentralized legislation to the unified legislative model. On this basis, this chapter discusses the value objectives and basic principles of the government procurement legislation in China, and puts forward the optimization proposals for the purpose and basic principles of the government procurement legislation. The overall design principles of this chapter on the legal system of government procurement have provided a view of the concrete construction and practice of the post government procurement system. Thinking and value guidance are crucial and important.
The third chapter, the scope of application of government procurement. The scope of the application of government procurement determines the scope and scope of the application of the government procurement legal system. It is the primary problem of the establishment and improvement of government procurement. This chapter first analyzes the international experience on the scope of government procurement, and analyzes several important elements to determine the scope of government procurement. This chapter, based on China, discusses the legislative provisions of the government procurement law on the scope of the application of government procurement in China, and analyzes the legislative defects in it, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the system of the scope of application of the government procurement. The other elements constitute the definition of the scope of the application of government procurement, in which the threshold amount of the object of procurement is quantified for the object of procurement, and the exceptions to the general purchase object are applicable to the object of procurement. Therefore, the scope of the application of government procurement is discussed in this chapter from two aspects of the procurement subject and the object of procurement.
The fourth chapter, the way and procedure of government procurement. What mode of government procurement to follow is the specific medium for the purpose of the government procurement and the implementation of the principle of value. The mode and procedure of government procurement also become the core of the legal system of government procurement. On the basis of this, based on the international experience of government procurement regulation, this paper first discusses the legislative provisions on the mode of government procurement in our country, and analyzes the legislative defects in it, and puts forward the institutional suggestions for improving the way of Chinese government procurement. Secondly, this chapter discusses the legislative provisions on the procedure of government procurement in our country, This paper analyzes its legislative defects and puts forward some suggestions.
The fifth chapter, the relief and supervision of government procurement, "no relief, that is, no right", the relief and supervision of government procurement is the logical extension of the core procedures of government procurement, and the relief and supervision system is also an important part of the government procurement system. The legislative provisions and defects of the government procurement relief system and the legislative proposals to improve the government procurement relief system are put forward. Then, this chapter discusses the legislative provisions of the government procurement supervision system in our country, points out the legislative defects and puts forward the corresponding suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.2

【参考文献】