国家重点生态功能区转移支付动态激励效应分析

发布时间：2018-06-27 12:03

本文选题：国家重点生态功能区 + 转移支付　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2015年10期

【摘要】：中央政府对国家重点生态功能区所在县级政府提供转移支付是解决生态环境保护成本与生态效益的区域错配问题的重要措施。转移支付制度的实施实质上体现了中央政府和县级政府之间的委托代理关系,中央政府作为委托人和作为代理人的县级政府签订一个长期的生态保护与生态补偿转移支付契约。中央政府可以依据县级政府生态保护的努力程度和生态环境的质量状况对县级政府进行考核和奖罚,以激励县级政府对生态保护投入更多的努力。文章以国家重点生态功能区转移支付实施为例,通过引入上一期的生态效益产出,构建了中央政府和县级政府生态保护的动态委托代理模型,对生态保护中的中央政府和县级政府行为选择进行理论分析,求出县级政府的最优努力程度、中央政府的最优激励支付比率和相应的生态效益产出水平。理论分析结果表明:一是转移支付能够有效激励县级政府的生态环境努力,对生态环境质量的改善起到了显著的作用;二是县级政府风险规避程度的增加提高了其生态环境保护的努力投入,同样能够促进生态环境质量的提高;三是中央政府应重视对县级政府生态环境保护的长效激励,制定合理的激励方式和激励水平,将生态效益产出和生态环境质量统一纳入县级政府的生态保护政绩考核体系中。最后,根据本文的研究,提出了三个针对性的政策建议:一是完善国家重点生态功能区的生态补偿激励考核与监督机制;二是增强对国家重点生态功能区县级政府的一般性财政转移支付和横向财政转移支付,增加县级政府财政收入;三是改进以GDP为核心的政绩考核制度,明确县级政府社会福利包含经济增长和生态环境保护两部分,并逐步提高生态环境保护的比重。本文的研究不仅有利于国家重点生态功能区转移支付实施成果的巩固及持续推进,还具有一定的理论价值。
[Abstract]:It is an important measure to solve the problem of regional mismatch of ecological environment protection cost and ecological benefit that the central government provides transfer payment to the county-level government in the key ecological functional areas of the country. The implementation of the transfer payment system essentially reflects the principal-agent relationship between the central government and the county-level government. The central government as the principal and the county-level government as the agent sign a long-term contract of ecological protection and ecological compensation transfer payment. The central government can assess and punish the county government according to the level of ecological protection and the quality of ecological environment, so as to encourage the county government to invest more efforts in ecological protection. Taking the implementation of transfer payment in the national key ecological functional areas as an example, the dynamic principal-agent model of ecological protection of central government and county government is constructed by introducing the ecological benefit output of the previous period. Based on the theoretical analysis of the behavior choices of central government and county government in ecological protection, the optimal effort degree of county government, the optimal incentive and payment ratio of central government and the corresponding ecological benefit output level are obtained. The results of theoretical analysis show that: first, transfer payment can effectively stimulate the eco-environmental efforts of county-level governments, and play a significant role in improving the quality of ecological environment; Second, the increase of the risk aversion degree of county government has increased the effort investment of ecological environment protection, and it can also promote the improvement of ecological environment quality; third, the central government should attach importance to the long-term incentive to the ecological environment protection of county government. A reasonable incentive way and level should be established and the ecological benefit output and ecological environment quality should be integrated into the ecological protection performance assessment system of the county government. Finally, according to the study of this paper, three targeted policy recommendations are put forward: first, to improve the national key ecological functional areas ecological compensation incentive assessment and supervision mechanism; Second, to strengthen the general financial transfer payment and horizontal fiscal transfer payment to the county-level governments in key ecological functional areas of the country, and third, to improve the performance assessment system with GDP as the core. It is clear that the social welfare of county government includes two parts: economic growth and ecological environment protection, and the proportion of ecological environment protection is gradually increased. The research in this paper is not only conducive to the consolidation and sustainable promotion of the implementation of transfer payment in the national key ecological functional areas, but also has certain theoretical value.
【作者单位】：西安交通大学经济与金融学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大攻关项目“完善生态补偿机制研究”(编号:12&ZD072)
【分类号】：F812.45;X321

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